To investigate the potential impact of lipidaemic and clinical factors on the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) following uncomplicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery in nondiabetic individuals.

This was a retrospective, single-center, case-control study of consecutive patients who underwent primary RRD surgery. The study group comprised 145 patients who developed PVR within 3y of follow-up, while the control group comprised 161 patients with RRD who did not develop PVR. Cox regression analysis was utilized to identify independent associations between various risk markers and the occurrence of PVR.

The mean age of patients was 52.31y (SD=13.29), and 54.25% (n=166) were male. The median time to PVR formation after surgery was 150d. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that cigarette smoking status [hazard ratio (HR): 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31-0.60, P<0.001], retinal detachment (RD) not involving the macula (HR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.37-0.73, P<0.001), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1; HR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.01-1.02, P<0.001) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE; HR: 3.81, 95%CI: 1.64-8.85, P=0.002) were independent predictors of PVR.

Apart from macular involvement and smoking, the lipidaemic factors ApoA1 and ApoE are risk factors of PVR after primary RRD surgery.

To describe the practice patterns of intravitreal injections (IVIs) among ophthalmologists in China.

This was a cross-sectional online survey. Ophthalmologists who had performed accumulated more than 100 injections were contacted by the Brightness Center, a hospital-based national network, to complete an anonymous, 24-question, internet-based survey. They were surveyed on practices in injection techniques, pre-, and post-injections procedures.

A total of 333 ophthalmologists from 28 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions responded to the survey (50.68% response rate). The 91.29% of the respondents evaluated systemic risk factors by medical history, electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood test. All the respondents used pre-injection prophylactic antibiotics. Most checked intraocular pressure (IOP, 99.1%) and blood pressure (96.1%) before injections. A majority of the respondents performed injections in the operating room (98.8%), wore masks (99.7%), gloves (99.4%) and sterile surgical clothing (96.1%), performed topical anesthetics (97.9%), and applied povidone-iodine (95.8%) pre-injection. The 61.26% of the respondents dilated pupil. About half of the respondents (51.05%) performed bilateral injections in the same setting. Superior temporal quadrant (40.54%) was the most frequent site of injection. Around three quarters used 30-gauge needles. Most respondents (97.9%) measured the site of injection from limbus. More than half (53.45%) performed conjunctiva displacement prior to injection. The 32.43% of the respondents checked IOP post-injection and 87.99% physicians checked hand motion (HM) or counting fingers (CF) after injection, while 36.94% observed optic nerve perfusion. All participants used topical antibiotics post-injections. Most physicians (91.89%) reviewed patients on the following day.

This study provides a description of the real-world practice patterns in IVIs in China and offers critical information regarding education and training of ophthalmologists and amendment of local society guidelines.