To compare spontaneous brain regional activities between diabetic vitreous hemorrhage patients (DVHs) and healthy controls (HCs).

Thirty-two DVHs and 32 HCs were enrolled in this study. Baseline demographic and vision data were compared between groups using an independent sample t-test. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used in all participants. fMRI data was obtained and analyzed using MRIcro and SPM8 software. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) technology was used to measure regional spontaneous brain activity, and sensitivity was tested using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). The fALFF values were analyzed using REST software and two-sample t-tests were used to compare values between groups. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) score was assessed in DVHs and Pearson’s correlation was used to test relationships between mean fALFF value and both HADS score and duration of DVH.

Except for the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in both eyes, which showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05), there were no statistically significant differences in the other indicators (P>0.05) between the HCs and DVHs group. Compared with controls, fALFF value was higher in DVH in cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL) and lower in right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In DVH patients, mean fALFF value of CPL was positively correlated with HADS score and duration of diabetes. However, no such correlation was found, for right ACC or right medial OFC. DVH may lead to abnormal activities in certain brain regions related to visual control and mood.

Visual impairment caused by DVH may lead to adjustment in regional visual brain activities and may be related to depression or reward system processing in some brain regions.

To study retinal microvascular and microstructural alterations in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in severely obese population using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Twelve MGD patients with severely obese population (PAT group; 24 eyes) and 12 healthy controls (HC group; 24 eyes) were recruited. OCTA images were segmented into five [superior (S), nasal (N), inferior (Ⅰ), temporal (T), and central foveal (C)] or nine [inner superior (IS), outer superior (OS), inner nasal (IN), outer nasal (ON), inner inferior (Ⅱ), outer inferior (OI), inner temporal (IT), outer temporal (OT), and C] subregions. The superficial vessel density (SVD), retinal thickness (RT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, and retinal volume were measured.

Visual acuity was significantly different between two groups (0.8±0.17 in PAT group vs 0.2±0.06 in HC group). SVD was significantly lower in PATs in N, T, OS, IN, OT, and ON. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for T was 0.961 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.908 to 1.000], for OS was 0.962 (95%CI: 0.915 to 1.000). RT was significantly lower in PATs in IS, OS, OI, OT, ON, IT, IN, and Ⅱ. AUC for OT was 0.935 (95%CI: 0.870 to 0.999), for IS was 0.915 (95% CI: 0.838 to 0.992). Angiography results showed significantly lower area and perimeter of FAZ, SVD of the inner retina and both retinal volume and the average volume thickness in the PAT group.

Vision may be affected in patients with MGD due to changes in retinal microvessels and microstructures. These changes detected by OCTA may be a potential marker for diagnosing MGD in severe obesity.

To elucidate the neuropathological mechanisms underlying diabetic vitreous hemorrhage (DVH) and its correlation with clinical characteristics.

Twenty-one individuals with DVH (male/female 12/9; mean age 52.29±11.66y) were selected, alongside 21 appropriately matched controls with diabetes mellitus (DM). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) techniques were employed to identify aberrant functional regions in the brain. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized for classification based on the average VBM values of the two groups, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between average VBM values in distinct brain regions and clinical manifestations.

Relative to the DM controls, DVH patients exhibited reduced VBM values in the right superior temporal pole, the right superior temporal gyrus, the right medial orbital frontal gyrus, and the left superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis of these four brain regions in DVH patients demonstrated a high degree of accuracy, as indicated by the area under the curve. The average VBM value in each of these regions exhibited a negative correlation with both the duration of DVH and the score on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Pathological alterations in four distinct brain regions are observed in patients with DVH, potentially reflecting neuropathological changes associated with this condition.