We propose a new mathematical framework of generalized fractional-order to investigate the tuberculosis model with treatment. Under the generalized Caputo fractional derivative notion, the system comprises a network of five nonlinear differential equations. Besides that, the equilibrium points, stability and basic reproductive number are calculated. The concerned derivative involves a power-law kernel and, very recently, it has been adapted for various applied problems. The existence findings for the fractional-order tuberculosis model are validated using the Banach and Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative fixed point postulates. For the developed framework, we have generated various forms of Ulam's stability outcomes. To investigate the estimated response and nonlinear behaviour of the system under investigation, the efficient mathematical formulation known as the $\mathrm{\wp }$-Laplace Adomian decomposition technique algorithm was implemented. It is important to mention that, with the exception of numerous contemporary discussions, spatial coherence was considered throughout the fractionalization procedure of the classical model. Simulation and comparison analysis yield more versatile outcomes than the existing techniques.