Salmon, as a tasty deep-sea fish, has high nutritional value and is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins and a variety of vitamins and minerals, which is beneficial to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health. Smoked salmon, processed by smoking, possesses a distinctive flavor and retains the nutritional value of salmon, making it a popular choice among consumers. This review presents an overview of the processing techniques of smoked salmon, discusses the effects of these techniques on the quality and nutritional value of the product, and summarizes the methods for controlling harmful microorganisms during the processing of smoked salmon. Research on the processing of smoked salmon is crucial for improving its safety and quality, understanding its nutritional value and health advantages, promoting the sustainable development of marine fisheries, and satisfying market demands.