To correct the working state of a throwing component and achieve an ideal narrow, far, and uniform material projectile flow for a side-throwing device for organic fertilizer with inclined opposing discs, a systematic optimization of the auxiliary mechanisms (baffle, upper deflector, and side deflector) was performed. Starting from a basic analysis of the working principles of each side-throwing device component, theoretical modeling and MATLAB numerical calculations were used to determine the departure angle providing the farthest fertilizer distance, as well as the maximum and minimum throwing angles required to achieve a target distance of 10 m. These calculations informed the optimization and configuration of the basic structures of each auxiliary mechanism component. The impact of the baffle on fertilizer movement was analyzed, leading to an optimization of the baffle’s height and its horizontal position in relation to the main throwing disc, guiding the design of the discharge port structure. Combining the theoretical analysis results, the surface of the upper deflector was fitted, and a side deflector was added to assist in limiting the scattering angle of the projectile flow. An EDEM simulation showed that the optimized auxiliary mechanisms worked well together, resulting in a narrower discharge width, a more concentrated projectile flow, and improved uniformity in spreading. Prototype testing confirmed that from the side projection angle between the spreading direction and vertically upward, the projectile flow angle domain was adjusted from 18°-45° to 23°-32°. With the optimization of other auxiliary mechanisms, the coefficient of variation in spreading uniformity decreased from 25.95% to 19.21%, the effective throwing distance increased from 10.1 to 11.2 m, and the scattering angle decreased from 12° to 4°, effectively enhancing the performance of the side-throwing device.

Currently, knowledge-based systems are generally updated manually, resulting in long cycles, low efficiency, and difficulty in ensuring comprehensive and systematic supplementary content. To address this issue, a knowledge-based system automatic updating method based on webpage information and user files is proposed for combine harvesters. The knowledge storage structure in an electronic warehouse is analyzed, and knowledge and data types are determined. A crawler designed to locate the combine harvester-related information in the target webpage realizes the acquisition and sorting of webpage knowledge and data. The type of file uploaded by the user is set based on the knowledge base and data type; the content of the user file is extracted and filtered, and the knowledge and data of the knowledge-based system are user-defined. The organized knowledge and data are stored or updated in the knowledge base to achieve automatic updating of the knowledge-based system based on webpage information and user files. The test results show that based on user file updates, the knowledge and data of the knowledge-based system can be customized according to user needs. This meets user requirements and allows for effective automatic updates based on webpages after automatic updating of the knowledge base based on webpages. After the automatic updating of the knowledge base based on webpage information is triggered, the knowledge and data from the three webpages that were initially crawled and read are automatically updated to the knowledge base in 5.265 s. Realizing the automatic updating of knowledge and data can shorten the updating period, maintain the effectiveness and practicability of the knowledge-based system, ensure the scientific and advanced nature of the intelligent design process, and provide technical models and methods for the knowledge collection of similar knowledge-based systems.