In order to improve the screening performance and cleaning effect of the jujube harvesting machinery cleaning device, a vibrating curved screen device was designed in this study. By analyzing the structure mechanism of the curved sieve body, it was obtained that the arc-shaped mesh hole spacing S was 15-25 mm and the curved mesh hole curvature U was 90°-150°. By exploring the movement state and stress of jujube and impurities on the curved sieve body, it was determined that the horizontal spacing L of the curved layer sieve was 30 mm and the vertical spacing H was 45-65 mm. Taking the vertical spacing H of the curved layer sieve, the curvature U of the curved mesh hole, and the spacing S of the curved mesh hole as the experimental factors, considering the screening efficiency α and the impurity content β of the jujube as the response values, the three-factor three-level quadratic regression orthogonal experiment was designed, establishing the regression mathematical model of each factor and response value, and the multiple target optimization algorithm of Design-expert software was used to optimize various factors. The results showed that the influence factors on the screening efficiency were in the descending order as: the arc screen spacing, the vertical spacing of the curved layer screen, and the curved screen hole curvature; The significant factors affecting the impurity content of jujube were in the descending order as: the arc screen spacing, the curved screen hole curvature, and the vertical spacing of the curved layer screen. The experimental results were verified by the optimized combination of parameters: when the vertical spacing H of the curved layer screen was 65 mm, the curved screen hole curvature U was 110°, and the arc screen spacing S was 23 mm, the average screening efficiency α in the test was 91.09%. The relative error between the experimental verification value and the theoretical optimization value was 1.36%, which was less than 5%. The impurity content of jujube β in the test was 1.02%. The relative error between the experimental verification value and the theoretical optimization value was 2.00%, which was also less than 5%. The test results can provide a reference for the research and optimization of the subsequent air-suction-type jujube harvester cleaning device.