With the continuous economic development and population growth, carbon emissions from farmland utilization cannot be underestimated. In this study, the life cycle assessment method was employed to determine the accounting boundaries and sources of carbon emissions from cultivated land use. A STIRPAT model and a carbon emissions accounting system from cultivated land utilization were developed to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emissions in Jiangxi Province. Additionally, targeted countermeasures were proposed to promote low-carbon utilization of cultivated land in the region. The results show that the total carbon emission underwent four distinct stages: “steady growth, fluctuating growth, rapid decline, and leveling off”. Specifically, carbon emissions decreased from 220.2 t in 1990 to 17.8 t in 2019. In terms of carbon emission intensity, the overall trend is downward, with the intensity dropping below 7 t/hm² after 2009. The number of agricultural population, total agricultural machinery power, and rural investment were identified as significant driving factors for carbon emissions from cultivated land utilization in Jiangxi Province. Conversely, land productivity and investment in science and technology exhibited inhibitory effects on carbon emission growth. Enhancing technological investment and improving land productivity were found to be conducive to promoting low-carbon utilization of cultivated land in Jiangxi.

The shelterbelt is an indispensable barrier to the ecological and economic development of an oasis. Soil moisture, groundwater and irrigation greatly affect the shelterbelt water consumption and development. In this study, the transpiration rate of shelterbelt trees, soil moisture and meteorological data were collected to determine the effects of soil moisture and meteorological factors on the water consumption of different shelterbelt tree species via multivariate statistical methods. The results showed that the water consumption rate was positively correlated with solar radiation, air temperature and precipitation. Moreover, the leaf transpiration rate exhibited the trend of P. Russkii Jabl.˃P. alba˃P. simonii Carr.>P. nigracv, while the average daily water consumption decreased in the order of P. alba>P. Russkii Jabl.>P. simonii Carr.>P. nigracv. The average daily water consumption levels of P. alba, P. Russkii Jabl., P. simonii Carr. and P. nigracv were (9.15±0.92) kg/(tree∙d), (6.95±1.41) kg/(tree∙d), (4.43±1.32) kg/(tree∙d), and (1.58±0.18) kg/(tree∙d), respectively. Over the growing season, the soil water consumption levels of P. alba, P. Russkii Jabl., P. simonii Carr., and P. nigracv in each shelterbelt tree stand reached 674.8, 336.9, 358.1 and 161.7 kg, respectively. More than 96% of the soil moisture lost was provided by the upper 120-cm soil layer. Understanding the influence and contribution of soil water and meteorological factors to shelterbelt water consumption is beneficial for shelterbelt management and protection.