This article studies distributed pose (orientation and position) estimation of leader–follower multi-agent systems over κ-layer graphs in 2-D plane. Only the leaders have access to their orientations and positions, while the followers can measure the relative bearings or (angular and linear) velocities in their unknown local coordinate frames. For the orientation estimation, the local relative bearings are used to obtain the relative orientations among the agents, based on which a distributed orientation estimation algorithm is proposed for each follower to estimate its orientation. For the position estimation, the local relative bearings are used to obtain the position constraints among the agents, and a distributed position estimation algorithm is proposed for each follower to estimate its position by solving its position constraints. Both the orientation and position estimation errors converge to zero asymptotically. A simulation example is given to verify the theoretical results.

On state estimation problems of switched neural networks, most existing results with an event-triggered scheme (ETS) not only ignore the estimator information, but also just employ a fixed triggering threshold, and the estimation error cannot be guaranteed to converge to zero. In addition, the state estimator of non-switched neural networks with integral and exponentially convergent terms cannot be used to improve the estimation performance of switched neural networks due to the difficulties caused by the nonsmoothness of the considered Lyapunov function at the switching instants. In this paper, we aim at overcoming such difficulties and filling in the gaps, by proposing a novel adaptive ETS (AETS) to design an event-based H_∞ switched proportional–integral (PI) state estimator. A triggering-dependent exponential convergence term and an integral term are introduced into the switched PI state estimator. The relationship among the average dwell time, the AETS and the PI state estimator are established by the triggering-dependent exponential convergence term such that estimation error asymptotically converges to zero with H_∞ performance level. It is shown that the convergence rate of the resultant error system can be adaptively adjusted according to triggering signals. Finally, the validity of the proposed theoretical results is verified through two illustrative examples.