Aiming at the problems of low intelligence level of peanut seeder, unstable quality of sowing and fertilization, and poor coordination ability of one-time multi-work, this paper proposes a cooperative control method for simultaneous sowing and fertilization in electric-driven peanut planters. In this method, an improved cross-coupling control structure is proposed to realize the cooperative control of sowing and fertilization, and a fuzzy PID controller is designed. In addition, in order to solve the problem of high overshoot and poor system follow-up when the target speed of the control motor changes greatly during the operation process, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced to reduce overshoot, improve response speed, and improve the control accuracy and stability of the seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing control system. The method was simulated and analyzed on the Matlab/Simulink simulation platform, and the simulation results indicate that the dynamic performance and anti-interference capability of the improved controller have been significantly enhanced. To verify the effectiveness of this control method, an experiment on simultaneous sowing and fertilization of peanuts was designed. The experimental data showed that under stable operation, the average sowing qualification rate was 98.67% and the average fertilization qualification rate was 98.34%; under sudden load conditions, the average sowing qualification rate was 97.33% and the average fertilization qualification rate was 98.18%. The method maintained a low fluctuation range under different working conditions, effectively achieving precise simultaneous sowing and fertilization of peanuts. This research can provide an effective technical reference for efficient peanut cultivation.

Considering the problems of a low soil fragmentation rate and low straw mulching rate in the traditional rotary tiller tillage mode in the saline-alkali land, the layered stubble and soil crushing rotary tillage knife was designed, and the key structural parameters were determined by the analysis of rotary tillage knife-soil-straw movement. The soil-straw movement behavior in saline-alkali land under different working parameters of rotary tillage was analyzed, and the discrete element modeling of soil-straw-rotary tillage in saline-alkali land was established. In addition, the dynamic process of soil-straw aggregate fragmentation in saline-alkali land from a microscopic perspective was systematically explored. Combined with experimental optimization analysis, the optimum working parameters of the saline-alkali rotary tiller were obtained with a forward speed of 2.02 km/h, a working depth of 178.83 mm, and a rotation speed of 324.48 r/min. To verify the field performance of the machine, the soil fragmentation rate, straw burial rate, and tillage depth stability were chosen as test indices for the field trial. The average soil fragmentation rate was 91.85%, the average straw returning rate was 91.09%, and the average stability of tillage depth was 91.12%, indicating that the designed rotary tiller can effectively improve soil crushing and straw burial in saline-alkali land and meet the basic requirements of high-performance seedbed preparation in saline-alkali land.

Considering the problems of low soil crushing rate and poor straw mulching performance of the traditional rotary tiller on saline-alkali soils, a two-axis layered rotary stubble cutter for saline-alkali soils with front-axis positive rotation of the front axle and rear-axis counter-rotation of the rear axle was developed, focusing on the kinetic properties of the straw and soil under positive and counter-rotation. In addition, the most important structural parameters and the arrangement of the front-axis stubble cutting knife and the rear-axis return knife were analyzed and determined. Hertz-Mindlin with bonding was used to create a discrete element model of the agglomerate of implement, straw and soil. The forward speed, horizontal distance and vertical distance were used as test factors, and the straw return rate and soil fragmentation rate were used as test indexes to analyze the straw-soil transport law under different operating parameters from a microscopic point of view, and then Design-Expert was used to conduct the test 1.07 km/h, horizontal distance of 569.55 mm, vertical distance of 176.59 mm. To validate the performance of the two-axis, layered rotary tiller, a field trial was conducted and the results show that the straw return ratio was (91.59±0.41)%, soil fragmentation ratio was (91.90±0.29)% and tillage depth stability was (91.52±0.46)%, which met the requirements for peanut seedbed preparation on saline-alkali land.