The physicochemical trapping and control technology is a method for the prevention and control of crop pests and diseases by means of physicochemical measures, including the utilization of pheromones, lights, sticky traps, etc. To clarify the performance effect of the sex pheromone product of Tuta absoluta in the field, four kinds of sex pheromone lures (Y-ZJ, Y-ZD, Y-NK, Y-ZZ) (table 1) and three kinds of sex pheromone diffusers (M-ZJ, M-CBT, M-NK) (table 2) were selected. These products were developed by various enterprises and research institutions to assess the efficacy of the technology against T. absoluta in field trials conducted in Yining City, Yili Region, Xinjiang Province. The scores of the sex pheromone lures were based on the maximum trapping volume, average daily trapping volume, duration of efficacy, and unit price. The scores, in descending order, were Y-ZD, Y-ZZ, Y-ZJ, Y-NK, and Y-CK. After 60 days, Y-ZD exhibited the highest larvae control efficiency (23.54%), leaf damage control efficiency (4.33%), and fruit damage control efficiency (14.81%). The average mating disruption rates for the three products were as follows: M-NK (93.68%), M-ZJ (93.54%), and M-CBT (86.13%). Similarly, the average larvae control efficiencies were M-NK (85.27%), M-ZJ (80.90%), and M-CBT (66.43%), while the average leaf damage control efficiencies were M-NK (88.74%), M-ZJ (79.17%), and M-CBT (60.82%). The results showed that the efficacy of using sex pheromone lures in the field was low, and they could only be used for monitoring. However, Y-ZD demonstrated relatively higher efficacy. The average mating disruption rate of the three sex pheromone diffusers exceeded 85%, while the average larvae control efficiency and leaf damage control efficiency exceeded 65% and 60%, respectively. Among them, M-NK demonstrated the best mating disruption effect and was recommended for field application, which was at a control cost of 125 yuan per mu (approximately 0.0667 hectares).

In order to develop a better control strategy for Tuta absoluta on different solanaceous vegetables, the population dynamics of T. absoluta on tomato, eggplant and pepper under two cultivation methods (open field and protected greenhouse) were investigated in Kukelanmu vegetable base of Kaerdun Township, Yining County, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture for two consecutive years from 2023 to 2024, and the population dynamics of T. absoluta on three common solanaceous vegetables were compared. At the same time, the damage degree of T. absoluta to tomato, eggplant and pepper leaves was evaluated by the five-degree evaluation method of plant damage. The results showed that the damage degree of T. absoluta to tomato leaves was the highest. The number of leaves with a single leaf damage area more than 35% (V level) reached as high as 45.6% of the total number of leaves in the plant, and the average fruit-boring rate of tomato fruit reached as high as 7.8%. The damage degree of T. absoluta to eggplant leaves was relatively low, and the number of leaves with a single leaf damage area more than 35% (V level) reached as high as 4.2% of the total number of leaves, and no damage to eggplant fruit was found. T. absoluta was not found to damage pepper leaves and fruits. The maximum amount of adult, egg, larva and pupa of T. absoluta on tomato and eggplant was from June to August, and the number of these four stages on tomato was more than that on eggplant. The field investigation did not find the damage symptoms of T. absoluta on pepper, and the eggs, larvae and pupae of T. absoluta had not been detected. However, a large number of adults could be trapped in the pepper fields of open field and protected greenhouse. This could be due to the presence of Solanaceae weeds such as Solanum nigrum in the pepper field. On the other hand, it could be that tomatoes and eggplants were not planted around the pepper field, and the planting distance was less than the attraction distance of the sex lure (20 m). In summary, the T. absoluta in Ili area mainly appeared from June to August, and among the three vegetables, it mainly harmed tomato, followed by eggplant, and did not harm pepper at all. Different control strategies should be adopted. This study is helpful to detect and control the T. absoluta in time, reduce economic losses, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of comprehensive prevention and control technology for the major invasive pest T. absoluta.

To improve the survival rate of larvae during material separation after biotransformation of existing residual film mixtures of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae, this paper adopts the method of combining physical test and EDEM simulation test, and selects Hertz Mindlin with JKR contact model to calibrate the discrete element simulation contact parameters of the Protaetia brevitarsis larvae and the frass mixture. First, the cylinder lifting method was used to determine the actual repose angle of the mixture of larvae and frass. The collision recovery coefficients between larvae-frass and steel, static friction coefficient, kinetic friction coefficient and the collision recovery coefficient between larvae were measured through physical tests such as the inclined plane method. The Plackett-Burman test was then used to screen out the factors that have a significant impact on the repose angle: Poisson’s ratio of frass, frass-frass rolling friction coefficient, frass JKR surface energy, frass-larvae JKR surface energy. The optimal value intervals of four significant factors were determined based on the steepest climb test, Based on the Box-Behnken response surface analysis test, the second-order regression model between the repose angle and four significant factors was determined, and variance and interaction effects were analyzed. And with the actual repose angle as the goal, the significant factors were optimized and the optimal parameter combination of the four significant factors was determined. The simulation test of material repose angle and screening was carried out with the optimal parameter combination, and compared with the physical test. It was found that the maximum relative errors of the two tests were 1.48% and 3.79% respectively, indicating that the calibrated parameter values are true and reliable, It can provide a reference for the discrete element simulation of the transportation and separation of the Protaetia brevitarsis larvae-frass mixture.