Aiming at the problem of poor uniformity of maize sowing caused by ground wheel slip, an electronic control seed-metering system (ECSMS) for maize single seed precision sowing was designed and a mathematical model for motor control of the ECSMS was determined. The PID parameters were set by Z-N method and fuzzy control. The fuzzy PID control design and Simulink simulation were completed by MATLAB, which reduced response time of the system by 0.23 s and improved the control accuracy. Experiments on the JPS-12 test bench show that the qualification index (QI) of maize seed-metering device with the ECSMS increases by 4.47%, the multiples index (MI) decreases by 1.96%, the miss index (MIX) decreases by 2.81%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of qualified seed spacing decreases by 5.06%, and the sowing uniformity has been greatly improved. Test results of the soil-tank test bench show that the system has good sowing uniformity and stability. And the QI is 96.74%, the MI is 2.15%, the MIX is 1.10%, and the CV of qualified seed spacing is 16.24%. Under different setting seed spacing and different sowing operation speed, the change range of seeding quality index was within 10%. The results of field sowing test show that the QI was 84.21%, the MI was 2.63%, the MIX was 7.89%, and the CV of qualified seed spacing was 22.15%, which meet the requirements of JB/T 10293-2013 ‘Specification for single seed planters (precision planters)’ and the agronomic requirements for maize precision sowing. The system runs stably and reliably in practical operation and has good operation performance.