To investigate the operational mechanism and quality improvement strategies of a reed upright conveying device, first, the structural design was completed, and a force analysis of the conveying process was conducted. A rigid-flexible coupling simulation model of reed stalks and the conveying mechanism was then employed to examine the effects of the structural parameters of the conveying chain links on the maximum contact force exerted on the reed stalks and to identify the optimal parameter combination. High-speed photography experiments were carried out during the conveying process to capture the motion states and trajectories of the reed stalks, elucidating the causes of stalk breakage and blockages. Subsequently, response surface experiments were conducted to investigate the primary factors influencing upright conveying quality. Mathematical models for predicting damage rate and conveying rate were established, and the effects of various factors on these indicators were analyzed. Multi-objective optimization of the regression models was performed based on practical production requirements, yielding an optimal parameter combination: transverse conveying speed of the chain at 1.1 m/s, speed ratio of 1.2, and upper conveying chain position at 1.37 m. Experimental results indicated a damage rate of 11.90% and a conveying rate of 95.11%, meeting the operational requirements for mechanized reed harvesting and conveying. These findings provide fundamental theoretical data for the development of reed harvester conveying components and the selection of operational parameters.

Green agriculture needs energy saving and emission reduction agricultural machinery, and it is feasible to replace fossil energy with new energy based on electricity to become the power source of agricultural machinery. Agricultural machinery is a kind of non-road mobile machinery working in farmland, which is a complex and changeable unstructured scene, including paddy field, hilly farmland and facility farmland. Agricultural machinery for the operation of the object that is the crop is also a lot, the operation of the link also contains a plowing and planting management and harvesting and other operational aspects, which makes the agricultural machinery operation load changes, to the design of electric agricultural machinery has brought many technical difficulties, coupled with the rural areas of the maintenance capacity of the poor, small farmers poor affordability and other socio-economic factors, resulting in the popularization of the application of electric agricultural machinery there are many problems that need to be solved. The characteristics of new energy agricultural machinery using pure electric, hybrid, solar auxiliary power and fuel cell power were reviewed. Domestic and foreign large-scale agricultural machinery manufacturers have begun to actively layout the field of new energy agricultural equipment, but mainly concentrated in the concept machine stage. Endurance is a key factor restricting the development of electric agricultural equipment. The battery life of pure electric agricultural machinery products mainly relies on the increase of battery energy density, and hybrid agricultural machinery products increase the battery life through fuel, solar energy or clean fuel. Electric agricultural equipment products are currently mainly concentrated in the concept machine stage, the real mass production of products is less, in addition to consumer product cognition issues, economy is the main determining factor. Compared with foreign countries, China's electric vehicles and new energy industry chain is complete, the rapid development of electric construction machinery, to provide favorable conditions for the electrification of agricultural equipment, should make full use of advantages, accelerate the development and promotion of electric agricultural equipment. This paper starts with the operation characteristics of agricultural machinery, analyzes the key technical requirements of electric agricultural machinery on battery components, electric drive components, electric drive control, energy management and collaborative control, discusses the technical methods to increase the battery life of electric agricultural machinery, adapt to low speed and high torque and multi-power output conditions, and summarizes the relevant technical research progress. It is suggested that the battery life of agricultural machinery can be increased by increasing the battery energy density, increasing the battery charging efficiency and increasing the auxiliary power supply. In terms of electric drive, agricultural machinery operations require low-speed motors with large torque, and the different speed requirements of transfer fields and operations require electric drive systems with large speed ranges. In terms of control, the whole machine energy algorithm and coordinated control of agricultural machinery is the focus of research, compared with electric vehicles, electric agricultural machinery in addition to providing power to the driving parts, but also need to achieve the power output of each working part, so the multi-power output power dynamic regulation algorithm is one of the focuses of research. The application of electric agricultural machinery in facility planting, hilly and mountainous areas and leisure agriculture was forecast. In view of the existing problems, it is pointed out that in the future, research should be carried out in the aspects of high-pass special chassis, high-adaptation three-power system, electrification transformation of operating parts, intelligent electrification technology integration, etc., to improve the comprehensive performance of electric agricultural machinery, reduce the cost of electric agricultural machinery through agricultural machinery subsidies, agricultural machinery multi-functional, “battery bank” construction and other methods, and improve the promotion speed of electric agricultural machinery.

Due to the small models and compact structures, small harvesters have also caused problems such as poor threshing separation performance and large loss rates. In order to solve unstable cleaning effects of small harvesters when they facing different working conditions, this study selected rice plants in hilly areas for the experiment. Tensile breaking force of different parts of mature rice was tested, which revealed the fracture mechanism of each part under the combined force. Inertial threshing method was used to simulate artificial plate bin and design three kinds of non-circular pulley variable speed transmission threshing mechanism. With the help of transient inertia force, threshing force was compensated. This paper tested the harvesting performance of the variable speed threshing device with the help of the harvest performance test. Results show when facing the small rice planting area, the T/2 variable speed threshing device has better cleaning performance, and also the harvest loss rate of T/4 variable speed threshing device is the lowest. Compared with the constant speed threshing device, the impurity content rate of the variable speed threshing device is increased by 0.64% to 8.76%; the loss rate is reduced by 0.45% to 1.79%, which provides a basis for the optimization design of small combine harvester in hilly areas.

Field environmental sensing can acquire real-time environmental information, which will be applied to field operation, through the fusion of multiple sensors. Multi-sensor fusion refers to the fusion of information obtained from multiple sensors using more advanced data processing methods. The main objective of applying this technology in field environment perception is to acquire real-time environmental information, making agricultural mechanical devices operate better in complex farmland environment with stronger sensing ability and operational accuracy. In this paper, the characteristics of sensors are studied to clarify the advantages and existing problems of each type of sensors and point out that multiple sensors can be introduced to compensate for the information loss. Secondly, the mainstream information fusion types at present are outlined. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of different fusion methods are analyzed. The important studies and applications related to multi-sensor information fusion technology published at home and abroad are listed. Eventually, the existing problems in the field environment sensing at present are summarized and the prospect for future of sensors precise sensing, multi-dimensional fusion strategies, discrepancies in sensor fusion and agricultural information processing are proposed in hope of providing reference for the deeper development of smart agriculture.

In order to realize the efficient and high-quality mechanical picking for Chinese wolfberry, firstly, the forced reciprocating vibration picking principle of the Chinese wolfberry branch was studied, and the mechanical model of vibration picking was established based on the simplified cantilever model, and the response analysis and solution of all positions for the branch were carried out. At the same time, the critical mechanical model of fruit detachment under the condition of fruit hanging on branches was established, and the theoretical values of inertia force for each component of the branch were obtained. Secondly, through actual measurement and finite element modeling, the natural frequency and forced vibration response simulation for each component of the branch of Chinese wolfberry terminal branch model were both studied, and the relationship between single-point periodic excitation force and high-quality fruit shedding parameters was obtained. Thirdly, according to the conclusion of the picking model, a test bench with many groups of adjustable parameters was built. Finally, the last branch of fruit-hanging Chinese wolf berry for Ningqi No.1 was taken as the experimental object, a four-level orthogonal experiment was designed with three factors: frequency, amplitude and entrance angle. Meanwhile, the net picking rate, damage rate and false picking rate were taken as the evaluating indicators, referring to the comprehensive scores of the three factors. It was concluded that the primary and secondary relations of factors affecting the picking effect are frequency, amplitude and entrance angle, and the best operation parameters are frequency of 20 Hz, amplitude of 15 mm, and entrance angle of 45°, then, a hand-held vibration picker with setting parameters was trial-produced, and the optimal parameter combination was verified in the Chinese wolfberry planting base of the National Chinese wolfberry Engineering and Technology Research Center. The results showed that the net picking rate of ripe Chinese wolfberry was 96.13%, the damage rate of fruit was 1.13%, and the false picking rate was 3.23%, mechanized picking efficiency was 30.28 kg/h, which is 6.65 times that of manual picking. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. The research results can provide an important basis for the creation and operation standards of large-scale Chinese wolfberry vibration harvesting equipment.

In order to find out the matching principle of excitation force and energy consumption of reciprocating vibrating Chinese wolfberry picking device, the energy consumption mechanism of reciprocating vibrating Chinese wolfberry picking device is studied. According to the structural characteristics and operating principle of the picking device, the no-load and load movement and force characteristics of the crank bearing and vibrating component are analyzed, and the theoretical model of energy consumption of the reciprocating vibration picking device is jointly constructed, and the simulation analysis is carried out. The results show that the vibrating component and load mass have a significant influence on torque, the load air resistance phase has a significant effect on torque, and the load air resistance and friction coefficient have no significant influence on torque. Subsequently, by building an AC servo motor torque detection system and a torque sensing detection system, verification experiments are carried out, the maximum torque of the preset system is 1.3 N∙m, the rated power is 400 W, the motor frequency is 20 Hz, the amplitude is 15 mm, and the total mass of the vibrating component is 0.143 kg. Test results show that, the no-load operation, the change trend of detected torque is consistent with simulation, the torque model is verified to be accurate. The maximum torque of simulation and detection are 0.52 N∙m and 0.57 N∙m respectively, and the error between test and simulation is 9.6%. For load operation, the maximum torque of five groups of branch loads of 20 g, 60 g, 100 g, 140 g, 180 g and 220 g are detected to be 0.73 N∙m, 0.74 N∙m, 0.75 N∙m, 0.82 N∙m and 0.83 N∙m, respectively, and the relationship model between load and torque is obtained by fitting. The research results can provide a theoretical basis which can configure a suitable motor in the reciprocating vibration Chinese wolfberry picking device with a certain load limit.