With the gradual maturity of the microfluidic technology, the integration of the microfluidic chip technology and optofluidic methods in microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) has gradually formed a highly attractive new research direction. In this paper, we summarize our recent work focusing on the microfluidic sensing technology based on microhole fibers. The design and fabrication of such microfluidic fibers, device processing and fabrication techniques based on microfluidic fibers, and surface modification and coating methods for fibers are systematically introduced. Finally, several typical cases combining the optical fiber and microfluidic substance detection are presented.