The in-situ temperature preservation coring of deep rocks is crucial for studying the physical properties of cores under temperature and pressure sensitivity and for assessing resource reserves. Existing core sampling strategies in this field rarely consider temperature preservation, with most employing passive insulation structures based on vacuum technology. In this context, the main challenge is that current insulation technologies and methods cannot meet the requirements of extreme deep environments, necessitating innovative designs of deep in-situ insulation coring systems. The insulation system proposed in this paper integrates three subsystems, active insulation, passive insulation, and control system. The analytic hierarchy process is used to perform parametric analysis on the design of these subsystems. By combining heat transfer theory analysis with laboratory pre-research experiments, the evaluation index parameters in the analytic hierarchy process method are quantitatively assigned. This approach further integrates the experience and knowledge of engineering designers to obtain a comprehensive evaluation table of the design parameters. On the basis of the permutation and combination mathematical method, a full matrix set of all feasible conceptual design schemes is established, or the optimal solution is sought through scheme integration, coupling, decoupling, and optimization. The analytic hierarchy process analysis method, which combines theory and pre-experiments, provides a set of parametric analysis methods for conceptual design schemes of insulation coring systems. Furthermore, the optimization of conceptual design schemes through full matrix scheme combinations offers guidance for future data-driven optimization of multi-subsystem conceptual schemes.