Aerodynamics-related ground test capability is an important metric of the current development of a country’s flight vehicles. The United States is the world leader in terms of aerodynamic test and research capability, aircraft innovative research and aerodynamics-related disciplines. This paper summarizes the basic informations of USA aerodynamic research institutions, offers a list of 11 major institutions including their core test & experiment and supporting capabilities, and a classification of the status quo of USA test research capability and experimental techniques. A brief analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of USA aerodynamic ground test capability, and lessons learned is given subsequently, and a prediction of its future development is made.