On plateaus, the low-oxygen and low-pressure environment is likely to lead to cognitive impairments, negatively impacting individuals newly exposed to high altitudes. This paper reviews how high-altitude environments impair cognitive functions and explores protective strategies in terms of oxygen-enriched and pressurization technologies, neuroregulation techniques, and approaches to endogenous protection. It is recommended that future research focus on personalized cognitive protection and training, the construction of integrated protection systems based on multi-technology convergence, and the investigation of long-term effectiveness and sustainability. These efforts are expected to result in more comprehensive strategies for cognitive protection and enhancement in high-altitude operations.

Mental fatigue is an important factor affecting human cognitive function and work efficiency, but there is no publicly available multi-modal fusion database related to mental fatigue, and the EEG signals commonly used to identify mental fatigue are prone to burden and activity limitation during the acquisition process, which led to the proposal of a mental fatigue identification algorithm based on multi-modal physiological signals. The experiment used a continuous cognitive task to induce mental fatigue in the subjects, and two physiological signals, EEG and ECG, were acquired simultaneously. The 4-lead (Fp1, F7, F8, Fp2) EEG and ECG signals were used to construct the multi-modal fusion features, and inputted into the cascade forest model to complete the mental fatigue recognition task. Finally, 14 valid mental fatigue multi-modal datasets were obtained and an average recognition rate of 99.60% was achieved. By introducing the cascade forest and multi-modal fusion technology, the accuracy and robustness of mental fatigue recognition are effectively improved, which provides technical support for mental fatigue monitoring and intervention.