Earlier notification and fire detection methods provide safety information and fire prevention to blind and visually impaired (BVI) individuals in a limited timeframe in the event of emergencies, particularly in enclosed areas. Fire detection becomes crucial as it directly impacts human safety and the environment. While modern technology requires precise techniques for early detection to prevent damage and loss, few research has focused on artificial intelligence (AI)-based early fire alert systems for BVI individuals in indoor settings. To prevent such fire incidents, it is crucial to identify fires accurately and promptly, and alert BVI personnel using a combination of smart glasses, deep learning (DL), and computer vision (CV). The most recent technologies require effective methods to identify fires quickly, preventing damage and physical loss. In this manuscript, an Enhanced Fire Detection System for Blind and Visually Challenged People using Artificial Intelligence with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (EFDBVC-AIDCNN) model is presented. The EFDBVC-AIDCNN model presents an advanced fire detection system that utilizes AI to detect and classify fire hazards for BVI people effectively. Initially, image pre-processing is performed using the Gabor filter (GF) model to improve texture details and patterns specific to flames and smoke. For the feature extractor, the Swin transformer (ST) model captures fine details across multiple scales to represent fire patterns accurately. Furthermore, the Elman neural network (ENN) technique is implemented to detect fire. The improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) is used to efficiently tune ENN parameters, improving accuracy and robustness across varying lighting and environmental conditions to optimize performance. An extensive experimental study of the EFDBVC-AIDCNN technique is accomplished under the fire detection dataset. A short comparative analysis of the EFDBVC-AIDCNN approach portrayed a superior accuracy value of 96.60% over existing models.

An increased number of older people suffer from higher levels of cognitive and vision impairments, which usually results in loss of independence. Fire detection systems play a crucial role in providing timely alerts to blind and visually impaired (BVI) individuals during indoor emergencies. As fire detection is complex and critical for safety, deep learning (DL) has recently been adopted for precise recognition. Efficient algorithms are crucial for hardware-constrained devices like embedded systems, robots, and mobiles to ensure high performance with low power use. In this paper, an enhanced fire detection system for blind and visually challenged people using artificial intelligence (AI) and Lemurs Optimisation Algorithm (EFDBVCP-AILOA) model is proposed. The aim is to assist visually impaired individuals by using DL techniques. Primarily, the adaptive bilateral filtering (ABF) method is used to reduce noise while preserving essential edges in fire images. For feature extraction, the NASNetMobile method is employed to capture complex features from the image data. Furthermore, the EFDBVCP-AILOA method implements self‐attention with a convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-Sa-LSTM) model for classification. Finally, the Lemur's Optimisation (LO) model is employed as a parameter-tuning approach for the CNN-Sa-LSTM model. A wide-ranging experimentation of the EFDBVCP-AILOA approach is accomplished under the fire detection dataset. The comparative results of the EFDBVCP-AILOA approach demonstrated superior $acc{u}_y$ of 97.07%, with $pre{c}_n$, $rec{a}_l$, and $F_{measure}$ values of 96.98%, 97.07%, and 97.00%, respectively. The EFDBVCP-AILOA approach applied four performance metrics to evaluate and compared done with seven recent models.