In recent years, increased discharge of toxic effluents into water bodies has severely harmed ecosystems and human well-being. Various techniques are employed to remove contaminants, among which photocatalysis have proven to be the most environment friendly and effective technique. This review focuses on MgFe₂O₄, an exceptional photocatalyst owing to their small band gap, spherical shape, magnetic responsivity, stability, reusability, cost-effectiveness and small crystallite size. We have covered comprehensive comparison of research studies from the past decade to assess. Magnesium ferrite’s photocatalytic potential in pure, doped, and composite forms. Along with synthesis methods, degradation mechanisms, and shortcomings explained in detail. Furthermore, we have highlighted the enhanced photocatalytic capability of doped MgFe₂O₄ and their nanocomposites towards the various organic contaminants upon visible light irradiation under a comparatively short period of time. Factors like cation distribution, dosage, pH, as well as methods for recovery and reuse are discussed to aid in production of more efficient photocatalysts. There has been a lack of information on the techniques that can be used to overcome the various shortcomings of MgFe₂O₄ ferrite. Hence, we have accentuated on bringing forth such advanced techniques that would aid in driving the researchers’ attention towards the practical and industrial application of the hybrid MgFe₂O₄ nanoparticles. Lastly, the research gaps and industrial need of MgFe₂O₄ ferrite-based materials were addressed to offer a concise view.

This review paper explores the efficacy of magnesium ferrite-based catalysts in photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminates (antibiotic and dyes). We report the influence of different doping strategies, synthesis methods, and composite materials on the degradation efficiency of these pollutants. Our analysis reveals the versatile and promising nature of magnesium ferrite-based catalysts, offering the valuable insights into their practical application for restoring the environment. Due to the smaller band gap and magnetic nature of magnesium ferrite, it holds the benefit of utilising the broader spectrum of light while also being recoverable. The in-depth analysis of magnesium ferrites' photocatalytic mechanism could lead to the development of cheap and reliable photocatalyst for the wastewater treatment. This concise review offers a thorough summary of the key advancements in this field, highlighting the pivotal role of the magnesium ferrite based photocatalysts in addressing the pressing global issue of organic pollutants in wastewater.