ZK61 magnesium matrix composites reinforced with 2 vol.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), 2 vol.% nanodiamonds (NDs) and their hybrid (1 vol.% MWCNTs + 1 vol.% NDs) were fabricated via powder metallurgy and hot extrusion. The effects of reinforcement type on microstructure evolution, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior, dislocation activity and tensile performance were investigated. The results reveal that hybrid reinforcement promotes the formation of a refined heterogeneous microstructure with an intermediate fraction of coarse grains, a weakened basal texture, and enhanced 〈c + a〉 dislocation activity. These combined effects enhance strain compatibility and hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) hardening, thereby achieving a superior balance of strength and ductility. The hybrid composite achieves a yield strength of 285 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 350 MPa and an elongation of 10.2%, outperforming the single-reinforced counterparts. The synergistic action of MWCNTs and NDs in facilitating DRX nucleation and stabilizing grain boundaries is identified as the key factor underlying the tailored microstructure and mechanical improvement. This study proves reinforcement hybridization is an effective strategy to overcome the stiffness-strength-ductility trade-off in Mg composites, offering promising potential for lightweight structural applications.

As one novel reinforcement used in magnesium composite, nano-layered flaky ternary MAX particle exhibits interesting anisotropic ceramic and metal properties. In order to accurately simulate the mechanical properties and damage behavior of MAX particle reinforced magnesium composite, we developed one finite element (FE) model based on 2D and 3D microstructural observations of 10 vol.% Ti₂AlC-AZ91D composite. To improve the accuracy, matrix ductile damage, particle internal delamination deformation behaviors, and particle-matrix interfacial behaviors were respectively introduced into this model. The visual deformation processes of crack generation and propagation were carefully presented and discussed. The effects of interfacial strength and particle orientation on material properties were systematically investigated.