Electroactive anticorrosion coatings are specialized surface treatments that prevent or minimize corrosion. The study employs strategic thermodynamic equilibrium calculations to pioneer a novel factor in corrosion protection. A first-time proposal, the total acidity (TA) potential of the hydrogen (pH) concept significantly shapes medical magnesium alloys. These coatings are meticulously designed for robust corrosion resistance, blending theoretical insights and practical applications to enhance our grasp of corrosion prevention mechanisms and establish a systematic approach to coating design. The groundbreaking significance of this study lies in its innovative integration of the TA/pH concept, which encompasses the TA/pH ratio of the chemical environment. This approach surpasses convention by acknowledging the intricate interplay between the acidity and pH levels within the coating formulation, thereby optimizing metal-phosphate-based conversion coatings and transforming corrosion mitigation strategies. To authenticate the TA/pH concept, the study comprehensively compares its findings with existing research, rigorously validating the theoretical framework and reinforcing the correlates among TA/pH values and observed corrosion resistance in the coatings. The influence of mutations that occur naturally in the detergent solution on persistent phosphorus changes is shown by empirical confirmation, which improves corrosion resistance. This realization advances the field of materials and the field’s knowledge of coated generation, particularly anticorrosion converter layers.

Around the world, acute ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of mortality and acquired disability, one of the most popular and clinically successful treatments for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders is stent intervention. The Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy (ZE21B magnesium alloy), which is biodegradable, offers good mechanical and biocompatibility qualities and a promising future in vascular stents. However, the magnesium alloy stent degrades too quickly after implantation, and issues with restenosis and inadequate endothelialization have made it impossible to use it further. In this study, the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy samples was firstly enhanced by fluorination, followed by self-assembled polydopamine coating, and finally, Exo@S-HA core-shell structured nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface of the coating by ultrasonic spraying. First, exosome fluorescence labeling, AFM, XPS, and FT-IR were used to show that the MgF₂/PDA/Exo@S-HA composite coating was successfully prepared, and the good hydrophilicity of the composite coating was proved by the WCA, which is favorable for cell adhesion and proliferation. Subsequent tests on blood and cells demonstrated the beneficial biological properties of the composite coating, including anticoagulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferation, and endothelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, the composite coating has potential applications in surface modification of cardiovascular biomaterials.

In order to prolong the service time and enhance the biocompatibility of magnesium (Mg) alloys used for cardiovascular scaffolds, the composite coatings of Schiff base (corrosion inhibitor) and sulfonated hyaluronic acid (S-HA) nanoparticles (NP@S-HA) with different sulfur content (10.02 wt% and 11.55wt%) were prepared on ZE21B alloy by means of electrostatic spraying with spraying time of 0.5 min, 1.0 min and 1.5 min in this paper. Through a series of representations including corrosion experiments and biological characterization, the composite coatings with a sulfur content of 11.55wt% and a spray time of 1.0 min were finally picked due to its better comprehensive performances, which provides a new possibility for the surface modification of degradable Mg alloy cardiovascular scaffolds.

The cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the major threat to global public health over the years, while one of the effective methods to treat CVD is stent intervention. Biomedical magnesium (Mg) alloys have great potential applications in cardiovascular stents benefit from their excellent biodegradability and absorbability. However, excessive degradation rate and the delayed surface endothelialization still limit their further application. In this study, we modified a Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy (ZE21B) by preparing MgF₂ as the corrosion resistance layer, the dopamine polymer film (PDA) as the bonding layer, and hyaluronic acid (HA) loaded astaxanthin (ASTA) as an important layer to directing the cardiovascular cells fate. The electrochemical test results showed that the MgF₂/PDA/HA-ASTA coating improved the corrosion resistance of ZE21B. The cytocompatibility experiments also demonstrated that this novel composite coating also selectively promoted endothelial cells proliferation, inhibited hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells and adhesion of macrophages. Compared with the HA-loaded rapamycin (RAPA) coating, our MgF₂/PDA/HA-ASTA coating showed better blood compatibility and cytocompatibility, indicating stronger multi-functions for the ZE21B alloy on cardiovascular application.

Recently, functional molecules such as Polydopamine (PDA), Hyaluronic Acid (HA) and heparin have been widely studied in the field of surface modification of magnesium (Mg) alloy stents for better degradation behavior and biocompatibility, but their further application is limited by undesirable anticoagulant function, uncontrollable degradation and easy bleeding, respectively.

Regarding to this consideration, a magnesium Fluoride/Polydopamine/Sulphonated hyaluronic acid (MgF₂/PDA/S-HA) composite coating was successfully prepared by applying S-HA with sulfur content of 9.71 wt% on the surface of ZE21B alloy in this study. The results showed that the composite coating with a unique mesh structure not only inherited the anticoagulant effect of sulfonic acid group and the excellent cyto-compatibility of S-HA with high sulfur content, but also significantly improved the corrosion performance of ZE21B alloy. These results indicate a great application potential of the composite coating in the field of cardiovascular biomaterials.