Bioprocessing-inspired fabrication technology of materials is inspired by a subtle structure formation process of natural materials, which is a developing technology for materials synthesis and preparation. This review introduced recent development on the bioprocessing-inspired fabrication technology of materials around the bio-processing and the relationship between bio-processing and bio-structure. The existing related research work was represented from the aspects of bio mineralization-inspired synthesis and preparation, photosynthesis-inspired synthesis, and synthesis and preparation of a combination of photosynthesis and bio mineralization. In addition, the research objectives of bioprocessing-inspired fabrication technology of materials were also summarized, and the development trend was prospected as well.