Adhering to the concept of "asking for health and longevity from centenarians", this research first simulated the dietary structure characteristics of centenarians to construct the centenarians' diet pattern. The D-galactose-induced aging mice (AG) was treated with mixed probiotics from centenarians (Diet Ⅰ), high-dose (Diet Ⅱ), medium dose (Diet Ⅲ), and low-dose (Diet Ⅳ) of dietary characteristic elements from centenarians, and young mice as control (YG). The aging mice were given diet intervention for 9 weeks to study its effects on cognitive function, oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, serum, and fecal metabolites, as well as the potential mechanism. The centenarians' diet patterns could improve the learning and memory abilities, boost body immunity, and protect the liver and kidney of aging mice. It can increase the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and overall antioxidant capacity in aging mice, while reducing lipid peroxidation. In addition, it can effectively inhibit inflammatory mediators and improve the small intestine's immune system. The metabolite profiles of mice showed significant separation, with 19 (in serum) and 18 (in feces) differential metabolites. Metabolic pathway analysis based on differential metabolites in fecal and serum both showed that dietary intervention significantly enriched phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Correlation analysis revealed that serum differential metabolites could improve aging mice's cognitive function by regulating brain GSH-Px. The comprehensive quantitative scoring method was used to comprehensively evaluate the aging-related indicators. The score was ranked: Diet Ⅲ > Diet Ⅱ > Diet Ⅳ > YG > Diet Ⅰ > AG. In total, the centenarians' diet pattern is an effective diet intervention strategy with anti-aging effects. Serum differential metabolites can improve cognitive decline by regulating brain GSH-Px, with Diet Ⅱ and Ⅲ showing the best effect.

To investigate the effect of Akkermansia muciniphila on hypertension, the study performed an in vitro fermentation on the feces of hypertensive patients. The experimental groups were hypertensive elderly (E), hypertensive elderly + A. muciniphila (EA), and hypertensive long-lived elderly (L). Results showed that the pH value decreased among the 3 groups and produced numerous lactate at 9 h. Then, the pH value increased and lactate was almost exhausted at 48 h in group E. However, compared to groups E and L, group EA showed lower pH value, lower butyrate level, and higher lactate level. Compared to group E in 9 h, EA significantly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Lactococcus and decreased Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. The relative abundances of Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium increased in the group EA compared to group E, whereas the relative abundances of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 decreased at 48 h. Metabolomics showed that A. muciniphila altered the levels of 9 metabolites with reduced trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA) related to hypertension. The lactate concentration showed positive correlation with Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium, and the butyrate concentration showed positive correlation with Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, indicating that metabolites shifts by those functional bacterial communities. These results present a potential perspective for A. muciniphila mediated microbial micro-environment change to increase the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and lactate production.