To investigate the positivity rates of specific antibodies, including parietal cell antibody (PCA) and anti-inner factor antibody (IFA), in a community population in Xinjiang for autoimmune gastritis (AIG), determine the prevalence of AIG, and analyze the correlations of PCA and IFA with clinical characteristics, pepsinogen (PG), gastrin 17 (G17), and Helicobacter pylori antibody (Hp-Ab).

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified random cluster sampling in community populations across 10 regions of Xinjiang from January 2022 to December 2023. General information was collected via a self-designed questionnaire, and fasting venous blood samples were obtained to measure laboratory parameters including PCA, IFA, PG Ⅰ, PG Ⅱ, PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ ratio, and G17. The positivity rates of PCA and IFA and the prevalence of AIG were calculated. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships of PCA and IFA with PG Ⅰ, PG Ⅱ, PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ ratio, and G17. The diagnostic efficacy of PCA and IFA for atrophic gastritis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing PCA and IFA positivity.

A total of 2018 community participants were included, comprising 972 males (48.17%) and 1046 females (51.83%), with a mean age of 42±19 years. The predominant ethnic groups were Han (42.22%) and Kazakh (33.10%). Hp-Ab positivity was observed in 1244 cases (61.65%). Serological criteria for atrophic gastritis were met in 56 cases (2.78%). PCA positivity was found in 253 cases (12.54%), IFA positivity in 30 cases (1.49%), and dual positivity in 11 cases (0.55%). A total of 617 participants (30.57%) voluntarily underwent endoscopic examination, among whom 7 cases (1.13%) were histopathologically confirmed as AIG. Positivity rates for PCA and IFA varied among ethnic groups, with the highest rates observed in the Kirgiz population (23.53% and 5.88%, respectively). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that PCA was negatively correlated with the PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ ratio (r=-0.051, P=0.022), while IFA was negatively correlated with PG Ⅰ(r=-0.069, P=0.002) and G17(r=-0.103, P < 0.001). Using PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ≤3.0 and PG Ⅰ≤70 μg/L as serological diagnostic criteria for atrophic gastritis, both PCA and IFA demonstrated poor diagnostic value for the condition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age≥41 years (OR=2.278, 95% CI: 1.705-3.043, P < 0.001), history of allergies (OR=1.528, 95% CI: 1.002-2.331, P=0.049), and previous thyroid disease (OR=2.189, 95% CI: 1.451-3.300, P < 0.001) as independent risk factors for PCA positivity, while a history of alcohol consumption (OR=0.468, 95% CI: 0.260-0.842, P=0.011) was identified as a protective factor.Age≥41 years (OR=9.202, 95% CI: 2.168-39.052, P=0.003) was an independent risk factor for IFA positivity.

The positivity rate of PCA is relatively high in the community population in Xinjiang and varies across different ethnic groups, whereas the positivity rate of IFA is lower than that of PCA. Age, history of alcohol consumption, history of allergies, and history of thyroid disease are associated with PCA positivity, while no correlation was found between Hp-Ab and PCA or IFA. The prevalence of histopathologically confirmed AIG among participants undergoing endoscopic examination is 1.13%.

To analyze the clinical characteristics and inflammatory indicators of hospitalized patients infected with Omicron BA.5.2 variant, and screen for possible prognostic diagnostic markers.

We retrospectively collected clinical data from hospitalized patients with Omicron BA.5.2 variant infection admitted to the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from August 1 to November 30, 2022. The patients were divided into mild, common, severe, and critically ill patient groups based on the severity of the disease. The differences in clinical data between the four groups were compared, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze inflammation indicators related to the severity of the disease. Multiple logistic regression method and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze the correlation between various indicators and patient prognosis, as well as the evaluation value for disease severity and prognosis.

A total of 3006 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, including 1522 males (50.63%) and 1484 females (49.37%), with an average age of (58.72±18.01)(14-96) years. According to the severity of the disease, they were classified into mild (40.98%, 1232/3006), ordinary (52.56%, 1580/3006), severe (4.26%, 128/3006), and critically severe (2.20%, 66/3006) groups.There were a significant differences(all P < 0.01) in the merging of underlying diseases including cardiac disease, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, lung disease, malignant tumor, brain disease, viral hepatitis and autoimmune disease among each group. During the hospitalization period, a total of 74 cases (2.43%) died, including 46 cases of severe illness (63.01%), 19 cases of severe illness (26.03%), 7 cases of ordinary illness (9.60%), and 2 cases of mild illness (2.74%). The proportion of death patients aged≥70 years old was 75.68%(56/74), and all deaths were among those with underlying diseases. C-reactive protein(CRP) and albumin levels were independent risk factors for disease severity, and CRP was significantly positively correlated with disease severity(P=0.002), while albumin levels were significantly negatively correlated with disease severity (P < 0.001). CRP, systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were independent risk factors for disease prognosis, and CRP(P=0.027) and SIRI(P=0.025) were significantly positively correlated with disease prognosis, while SII was significantly negatively correlated with disease prognosis (P=0.021). CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) had high diagnostic value for disease severity classification with the corresponding area under the aurve(AUC) > 7.0, while CRP, IL-6, procalcitonin (PCT), D-dimer, troponin T(TnT), troponin Ⅰ(TnⅠ), NLR, SII, platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) had a high prognostic diagnostic value for death or survival with the corresponding AUC > 0.70.

There were significant differences in clinical characteristics among hospitalized patients infected with Omicron BA.5.2 variant strains with different disease severity. Combining CRP, IL-6, D-dimer, PCT, D-dimer, TnT, TnⅠ, NLR, SII, PLR, and MLR prediction models may enable early identification of high-risk populations among hospitalized patients infected with Omicron BA.5.2 variant strains, and provide timely diagnosis and treatment.