Bone metastasis, as a common terminal event in patients with advanced malignant tumors, significantly impacts patients' quality of life and survival prognosis, posing a major clinical challenge in the field of oncology. With the deepening understanding of tumor biology, the treatment paradigm for bone metastasis has progressively shifted from traditional palliative care to precise targeted interventions. Currently, clinical treatment strategies have demonstrated diversified development, with various therapeutic approaches-including radiotherapy, immunotherapy, bone-modifying agents, and small-molecule targeted drugs—achieving notable clinical progress. However, existing treatment regimens still face challenges such as significant interindividual variability in efficacy, frequent drug resistance, and prominent adverse effects. This article systematically reviews the latest advances in precision therapy for bone metastasis, provides an in-depth analysis of the strengths and limitations of different treatment strategies, and offers perspectives on future research directions and therapeutic prospects, aiming to provide reference for optimizing clinical practice and promoting translational research.

Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a congenital spinal deformity that originates from abnormal spinal development in embryo. Characterized by rapid progression, severe deformity, and many complications, CS brings heavy economic and mental burden to patients and their families. At present, there is no good treatment for the etiology of spinal deformity. Due to the lack of early prediction methods, patients are often not detected until the appearance of malformation, and the treatment is mainly passive, conservative or traumatic treatment with braces or surgery to control the progression of the disease. Therefore, the exploration of early diagnosis methods and effective etiological intervention targets for spinal deformity is currently an international research hotspot. The orthopaedic team of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, focusing on the molecular genetics research and clinical application of CS, has built the world leading genetic research system of skeletal deformity. Through a multi-center large-scale cohort study, the team has found and demonstrated that compound inheritance of a rare null mutation and a hypomorphic allele of TBX6 led to CS. A set of genotype-phenotype integrated analysis method has been established, which successfully defined a new subtype of CS (TBX6-associated congenital scoliosis, TACS) and realized accurate clinical prediction of this unique subtype. With the establishment of the first genetics clinic of skeletal deformity in China, the clinical transformation of research results can thus be realized, providing a new paradigm for the etiology research and clinical application of skeletal deformity.