This study aimed to systematically construct a transitional curriculum for newly recruited surgical residents and to evaluate its preliminary application outcomes through pre and postimplementation assessments, so as to provide practical references for the design and dissemination of such curricula.

A singlecenter historical controlled design was adopted. Residents admitted in 2020 served as the traditional teaching group (preimplementation), while those admitted in 2024 served as the teaching reform group (postimplementation). Both groups completed selfadministered surveys three months after admission. Following Kern's sixstep approach, the transitional curriculum for surgical residents was developed based on needs assessment results, comprising 18 theoretical lectures and 3 practical skill training sessions, all delivered within the first three months after admission. Selfadministered questionnaires were used to assess clinical readiness and teaching satisfaction in both groups at three months postadmission. Betweengroup comparisons were performed using independent samples ttests, with Cohen's d effect sizes calculated, along with sensitivity analyses and power analyses.

The teaching reform group (n=33) demonstrated higher scores across all dimensions of clinical readiness and teaching satisfaction compared with the traditional teaching group (n= 22), although none of the differences reached statistical significance(all P > 0.05). Overall clinical readiness improved from 6.82±2.13 to 7.15±1.37 (mean difference 0.33, 95% CI: -0.61 to 1.28); satisfaction with teaching work increased from 7.45±1.71 to 7.88±1.65 (mean difference 0.43, 95% CI: -0.50 to 1.35); and satisfaction with faculty instruction rose from 7.95±1.76 to 8.61±1.52 (mean difference 0.66, 95% CI: -0.24 to 1.55). Power analysis indicated that the current sample size could detect a minimum betweengroup difference of approximately 1.32 points in teaching satisfaction, whereas the observed difference (0.43) was below this threshold.

The transitional curriculum developed in this study provides a systematized framework of theoretical instruction and foundational skills training for newly admitted surgical residents, and its feasibility has been preliminarily validated. Its effectiveness, however, warrants further confirmation through largersample, prospective studies with objective outcome measures.

To compare the perioperative blood loss and risk of allogeneic transfusion between hemophilia arthritis (HA) patients and osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) patients undergoing unilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) under multimodal blood management measures.

Clinical data of HA patients treated with unilateral THA from January 2010 to June 2022 and ONFH patients matched 1:3 by gender were retrospectively collected at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and the differences in indicators related to perioperative blood loss and complication rates were compared between the two groups.

A total of 26 patients with HA and 76 patients with ONFH who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled.Compared with ONFH patients, the total blood loss[(1927.08±956.59) mL vs.(1475.88±924.43) mL, P=0.036], major bleeding rate (38.46%vs. 14.47%, P=0.009), allogeneic transfusion rate (15.38%vs. 3.95%, P=0.046), and complication rate (34.62%vs. 7.89%, P=0.000) in HA patients were higher, and postoperative day 3 hemoglobin[(112.94±12.26) g/L vs.(117.40±11.17) g/L, P=0.000]and hematocrit[(29.44±7.96)%vs.(32.80±5.52)%, P=0.019]were lower.

The risk of perioperative blood loss and allogeneic transfusion is higher in HA patients treated with unilateral THA than in ONFH-THA patients, and further optimization of blood management strategies is needed.

Postdoctoral program in clinical medicine is a new approach to China's exploration of medical elite training. Since 2016, the Department of Surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital has explored and gradually established an advanced training system in order to cultivate clinical post-doctoral skills. The purpose of this research is to review and analyze the construction process and training effects of the advanced skill-raining system, and discuss the advantages of the training system and the direction of further improvement.

Postdoctoral students of surgical clinical medicine from 2016 to 2019 were evaluated and analyzed on surgical skills, results of the establishment of the system, and the output of scientific research.

With the currently established preliminary system of progressively training surgical skills, three generations of 26 clinical postdoctoral trainees of surgery have been successfully trained. The surgical postdoctoral students trained by this system have significantly higher annual assessment results of surgical skills than training residents of the same year. In addition, during the establishment of this system, 19 teaching-related reform projects have been established, and 14 papers related to this system have been published.

The advanced training system of surgical skills has shown obvious advantages in the training process of surgical postdoctoral doctors. The construction and perfection of the system still needs to be further improved in combination with the actual needs of postdoctoral surgeons in surgery and the goal of standardized training for residents.