Salmonella is an important cause of foodborne diseases worldwide, with a high detection rate in fresh meat. Rapid, accurate and sensitive detection of Salmonella is crucial in safeguarding food safety and people’s health. Electrochemical aptamer-based sensors, integrating the advantages of both aptamers and electrochemical sensors in terms of recognition specificity and sensitivity, attract much attention, thus having the potential for application in qualitative and quantitative detection of Salmonella. However, most existing reviews focus on the preparation process of sensors, while little information is available regarding the correlation between the structure and properties of Salmonella, leading to the lack of a direct theoretical basis for the design and improvement of sensors. Therefore, based on the structure and properties of Salmonella, this article establishes its internal connection with aptamer-based sensors, and summarizes the electrode modification materials, aptamer fixation on the working electrode, the signal sensing strategies and the signal amplification strategies, in order to provide a reference for the rapid detection of Salmonella and other foodborne pathogenic bacteria.

The development of pesticides has significantly advanced global agricultural production, but the ensuing problem of pesticide residues poses a severe threat to human health. So, there is an urgent need to establish a rapid, accurate, sensitive, cost-effective and on-site method for large-scale detection of pesticide residues. Electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) represents a highly sensitive and portable microanalysis system, which uses paper as a substrate and relies on a capillary force to drive the fluid for the separation and detection of samples. The diversity of pesticides and agricultural products and the complexity of matrices impose high requirements on the sample preparation procedure. This article summarizes the preparation process of ePADs from the aspects of paper selection, the establishment of hydrophilic and hydrophobic channels, the integration of separation zones, and electrode printing. Subsequently, this paper establishes the relationship between pesticide detection and chip preparation based on the mechanism of electrochemical detection of pesticides. Finally, it discusses the advantages, challenges and future prospects of ePADs with a view to providing theoretical reference for enhanced application of ePADs in the field of pesticide residue detection.