Yarn-like energy storage devices are recognized for their high integrability, wearable compatibility, and mechanical flexibility. However, integrating multi-dimensional nanomaterials with varying energy storage synergies in situ on a single yarn while ensuring high binding stability and energy density remains a significant challenge. Herein, the 1T/2H phase Mn-doped MoS2 was synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method, optimizing the doping ratio and lattice distortion induced by cationic point defects, which effectively extends the layer spacing and mitigates the hazardous and challenging conditions typically required for the synthesis of the 1T phase. Subsequently, nano-cored-yarn electrodes were fabricated with activated carbon fibers as the core layer and CF/MnₓMoS2-CNF nanofibers as the shell layer through conjugated electrospinning, followed by twisting, winding, and carbonization. Due to the unique structural design and effective defect regulation, coordination inhibits water decomposition in aqueous electrolytes at high operating voltages, resulting in the stable electrochemical performance at an output voltage of 1.6 V for the assembled nano-cored-yarn solid-state supercapacitors (NYCs). The symmetrically NYCs achieved a maximum energy density of 308.7 μWh/cm3 (power density of 5.5 mW/cm3) and a maximum power density of 16.9 mW/cm3 (energy density of 258.1 μWh/cm3), which still maintained 86.4% of the original capacity after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. This research provides innovative ideas and solutions for the design and integration of nano-cored-yarn capacitors characterized by a high voltage window and high energy density.
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An organosilicon color deepening agent has the characteristics of good emulsion stability, an environmentally friendly synthesis route, a good color deepening effect, and a good hand feel after fabric treatment. However, the formulated emulsion is generally unstable, and it will deteriorate and turn yellow owing to air oxidation and other problems. Therefore, it is essential to synthesize different structures of amino silicone oil based on different kinds of siloxane coupling agents and to compound suitable surfactants to emulsify into a stable, transparent microemulsion for fabric deepening finishing, which can give fabrics an excellent soft and smooth hand feel.
In this experiment, different structures of amino silicone oil are synthesized using octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and various types of siloxane coupling agents, and their reaction processes and structure are characterized. The optimal emulsification conditions and deepening finishing process are studied through single-factor optimization and comparative experiments. Finally, performance testing is conducted on cotton fabrics with different textures and colors via an optimal finishing process to evaluate their dye depth and fastness levels. The transmittance and stability of amino silicone oil emulsions are analyzed with an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer. The microscopic morphology and structure of the samples are examined using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the K/S values and color deepening effects of the fabrics are measured with a colorimeter.
The optimal light transmission and stability of the amino silicone oil emulsion are achieved at a hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 9. The ideal process conditions for deepening finishing included an emulsion concentration of QX-104-based silicone oil at 100 g/L, a dip-rolling pretreatment duration of 5 min, a baking temperature of 120 ℃, and a baking time of 120 s.
A comprehensive experiment on the synthesis of amino silicone oil with different structures based on octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and different types of silane coupling agents is conducted, and the emulsification and finishing process of the amino silicone oil are optimized. The results show that the light transmission and stability of amino silicone oil emulsion are satisfied when the HLB value is 9, and the optimum process for deepening finishing is as follows. The concentration of QX-104-based silicone oil emulsion is 100 g/L, the pretreatment time of immersion rolling is 5 min, the baking temperature is 120 ℃, and the baking time is 120 s. The comprehensive experimental design is simple and universal, which covers organic synthesis, finishing process, structural characterization and performance, etc. The combination of single-factor optimization and comparative experiments provides students with a clear idea of experimental analysis while strengthening their understanding of the knowledge and improving their awareness of scientific research and innovation, as well as their practical hands-on ability.
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