Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas that originate in the skin, and are often challenging to manage at advanced stages. In recent years, the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway has garnered significant attention due to its established roles in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases and tumors. However, whether the JAK/STAT pathway can serve as a therapeutic target for CTCL remains inconclusive. Notably, some clinical reports have suggested that JAK inhibitors may potentially increase the risk of CTCL onset. This review summarizes current clinical research progress regarding the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the development and progression of CTCL, as well as the dual potential of JAK inhibitors to either treat or trigger the disease.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging technology characterized by its non-invasiveness, rapid acquisition, and real-time capabilities. With a resolution and penetration depth intermediate between high-frequency ultrasound and reflectance confocal microscopy, OCT has garnered increasing attention in dermatology. Recent technological advancements have further enhanced OCT systems, achieving subcellular-level resolution and enabling characteristic visualization of microvascular networks and other fine structures, thereby significantly expanding its applications in dermatological practice. This article provides a systematic review of the application progress of OCT technology in the diagnosis and evaluation of various benignand malignant skin tumors. Special emphasis is placed on its clinical utility in melanocytic nevi and melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adnexal tumors, hemangiomas, and lymphomas. The review aims to offer theoretical foundations and technical references for future research and clinical applications in this field.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas are a group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas originating from the skin, with unique clinical and histological features. In December 2023, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) updated and released the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas (Version 1. 2024). Compared to the 2023 edition of the Guidelines, this update mainly focuses on the principles of diagnostic assessment, staging criteria, treatment principles for mycosis fungoides(MF) at different stages, and recommendations for radiotherapy. In conjunction with the current situation and characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment of primary cutaneous lymphoma in our country, this article interprets the main recommendations of the Guidelines to promote the application of clinical practices in our country.

Skin diseases affect people's health and quality of life because of their high incidence, difficult diagnosis and apparent harm, coupled with insufficient medical resources. In recent years, with the development of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology, single-modality CAD approaches have broken the limitations of traditional methods, such as strong subjectivity, and high missed-diagnosis and misdiagnosis rate, but failed to leverage the multi-modal information in real clinical scenarios. Multi-modality CAD methods help artificial intelligence models learn the clinical representations in a more complex and comprehensive manner, aiding dermatologists in making a more accurate diagnosis of skin diseases. This article introduces different types of skin lesion data commonly used in CAD methods, summarizes the single-modality/multi-modality methods based on related works in the field of CAD systems of skin diseases, and predicts possible future development trends of CAD technology, thus providing insights for mitigating the challenge on the diagnosis of skin diseases.

Death receptor pathway and perforin/granzyme pathway are the main mechanisms for immune system to kill tumor cells. SerpinB9 is the only known human protein that is able to inhibit the proteolytic activity of granzyme B (GrB). Expression of SerpinB9 has been observed in various human tumors, such as lung cancer and prostate cancer, and SerpinB9 can protect tumor cells from cytotoxic lymphocytes-mediated killing through the perforin/GrB pathway. In skin tumors, SerpinB9 expression has been detected in cells of malignant melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous lymphomas, in which SerpinB9 contributes to tumor progression by mediating immune escape, resistance to immunotherapy and interference of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, researches have shown that inhibitor of SerpinB9 could retard the growth of melanoma, indicating the potential anti-tumor therapeutic application of SerpinB9 inhibition. The research status of SerpinB9 in skin tumors is reviewed in this paper.