Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles are one of silicon-based mesoporous materials. This material is widely used in various fields due to the special central radial mesoporous channel structure. This review represented recent development on dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and described the dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles from chemical composition and morphology structure. The existing synthetic methods of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles were introduced. The major factors of influencing the structure of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles were mainly discussed. In addition, the future development on dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles was also prospected.