Silicon anode materials pulverization and deciduation from the collector can lead to the battery capacity fast attenuation and low conductivity due to the volume expansion of silicon during the lithiation/delithiation process. We prepared a kind of non-woven flexible silicon-based anode by an in-situ electrospinning method with nanosilicon self-controlled, and investigated the morphology, structure and electrochemical performance. The results show that the prepared non-woven silicon-based anode has a superior flexibility, and carbon after polyvinyl pyrrolidone cracking mainly exists in the form of amorphous carbon. The Si/C composite silicon-based anode fiber film has a high specific surface area and a structure with massive mesopores, and the first-cycle discharge capacity can reach 2086.7 mA·h/g at a charge-discharge current density of 0.1 A/g, the initial Coulomb efficiency is 81.1%, and the discharge capacity can still maintain > 500 mA·h/g after 100 cycles.