Textured piezoelectric ceramics have received considerable recent attention due to their superior electromechanical properties, low cost, uniform composition, shape-controlled fabrication process, etc.. In this review, the principles of design and preparation techniques of textured piezoelectric ceramics were introduced. The characteristics and advantages of textured ceramics were compared to those of single crystals and non-textured ceramics. Recent work on the fabrication of microcrystalline templates and textured lead-based piezoelectric ceramics was represented. In addition, the present issues and challenges of textured lead-based piezoelectric ceramics were also discussed.