The aim of the study was to clarify the main direction of further improving wheat grain yield in the different wheat regions of Henan province by analyzing the temporal and spatial differences of wheat yield and yield components.

The spatial distribution maps of wheat grain yield and yield components in four wheat regions of Henan province from 2017 to 2020 were drawn based on the field monitoring data of fixed wheat monitoring stations in Henan province, and the optimal model was selected by geographic information system (GIS), and then the differences and relationships among different wheat regions were analyzed.

The wheat yield and yield components were different between different wheat regions. Among them, the yield and the spike number in North Henan and Central Henan were significantly higher than those in South Henan and West Henan, and the North Henan's were the most, while the West Henan's were the least. However, the kernels per ear showed that the production regions in Central Henan, South Henan and North Henan were significantly more than West Henan's, and the most in Central Henan, while the least in West Henan. The 1000-grains weight in North Henan was the most, while South Henan was the lowest. The wheat yield, spike number, kernels per ear, and 1000-grains weight in Central Henan and South Henan (Luohe, Zhoukou, Zhumadian, etc.) were often more than that of other places in Henan, and this performance were stable between years. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the three elements of yield and yield in different wheat regions was inconsistent. Specifically speaking, the 1000-grains weight, the kernels per ear and the spike number in the North Henan and Central Henan regions had the largest correlation with the yield. However, the relationship with yield in East Henan and South Henan were appeared as: the spike number was the largest, the 1000-grains weight was the second, and the kernels per ear was the smallest. Path analysis was carried out on the three elements of yield and yield in those four wheat regions, which further showed that there were differences in the contribution of the yield components to yield. More precisely, the spike number and kernels per ear contributed the most to the yield in North Henan, with a direct path coefficient of 0.67. The contribution of yield components to yield in Central Henan and South Henan regions was spike number> kernels per ear> 1000-grain weight; while in West Henan, the greatest was the spike number, followed by 1000-grain weight, and the kernels per ear was the least; the direct path coefficients were 0.69, 0.45 and 0.39, respectively. Meanwhile, the indirect diameter coefficient showed that enhancing the yield increase effect of the 1000-grain weight was better than that of the kernels per ear in North Henan, Central Henan, and South Henan regions, but the West Henan was better by enhancing the kernels per ear.

There were large differences in wheat yield and yield components in Henan different wheat regions and between years. At the same time, the three components of wheat yield in different wheat regions had different contributions to yield. Therefore, in term of further tapping the potential of wheat production for Henan province, it should be accurately classified by regions and years. As far as the conditions of this experiment concerned, based on stabilizing the spike number in the Henan province wheat regions, the production regions of North Henan, Central Henan, and South Henan should focus on further tapping the potential of 1000-grain weight, while the West Henan improving the yield increase effect of the kernels per ear were better than that of the 1000-grain weight.