Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum complex, is one of the most disastrous diseases seriously affecting yield and quality in wheat. Wheat kernels infected by Fusarium pathogen produce Fusarium mycotoxin, especially deoxynivalenol (DON), which may threaten the health of human beings and livestock. Breeding and application FHB resistant varieties is effective to control the disease and mycotoxin. Breeding for the resistance to FHB in wheat was commenced in 1950s in China. A national network on FHB research in wheat was established in 1970s. Inoculation methods were established and widely used for evaluating FHB resistance. Sumai 3, Wangshuibai and other resources with high resistance to FHB were selected and applied worldwide. Release of Yangmai 158 and Ningmai 9 with desirable agronomic traits and moderate resistance to FHB was a breakthrough in wheat breeding for FHB resistance. Such varieties have not only been widely applied in wheat production, but also produced more than 20 wheat varieties as parents of each variety. In addition to conventional breeding, chromosome engineering was used for transfer alien germplasm into wheat cultivated varieties, somaclonal variation and double haplotype produced by cell engineering techniques broadened genetic background and improved breeding efficiency in wheat genetic improvement for FHB resistance. The outbreak of FHB in North America in 1990s initiated the attention to FHB research in the United States and Europe. International cooperation prompted the exchange on material, technology and information in wheat breeding for FHB resistance. As results, significant progress in the research of FHB resistance type, inoculation techniques and evaluation index, germplasm development, QTL mapping, gene cloning, marker assisted selection and breeding for FHB resistance has been made. More than 600 QTL associated with FHB resistance were identified and located on all 21 chromosomes of wheat by using bi-parents linkage mapping and whole genome association analysis. Seven major genes/QTL were named as Fhb1-Fhb7. For the major QTL, Fhb1, associated with FHB resistance derived from Sumai 3 and Wangshuibai, the key candidate gene was cloned and validated, functional markers were developed and effectively used for marker assisted selection and new varieties possessing Fhb1 were released. The Fhb7 gene from Thinopyrum ponticum has also been isolated and used to improve FHB resistance in wheat. Pyramiding multiple QTL by marker assisted selection enhanced the resistance to FHB in wheat base on QTL fine mapping and close linked marker development. In the future, we should establish accurate phenotypic evaluation systems for evaluating the resistance to Fusarium head blight, strengthen the discovery of novel resistance germplasms and genes, isolate key genes related to FHB resistance and uncover their molecular mechanism, combine marker-assisted selection or genome selection with conventional breeding to continuously improve FHB resistance, breed wheat varieties with FHB resistance significantly improved and excellent agronomic traits.
- Article type
- Year
- Co-author
The phenotypic characteristics, genetic diversity and distribution of the loci controlling important traits in Ningmai series varieties (lines) were clarified by analyzing the main traits of Ningmai series varieties and the genotype of the varieties and lines in order to provide a basis for genetic improvement and utilization in breeding and production.
The main traits including yield, quality and disease resistance of the twenty-three approved varieties were analyzed, and all the approved varieties and lines were genotyped with Affymetrix 50K array, and some other functional genes were identified additionally.
Ningmai series wheat varieties had good performance in yield, medium and weak gluten quality, and resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), and poor performance in resistance to powdery mildew and rust. After quality control, 28 253 high-quality SNPs were obtained. The genetic similarity coefficients among the 23 approved varieties ranged from 0.407 to 0.964, with an average of 0.600, and ranged from 0.456 to 0.985 for those among 51 high-generation lines, with an average of 0.684. The spring habit of Ningmai series varieties (lines) was mainly caused by the variation of Vrn-D1, and Ppd-D1 made all materials photoperiod insensitive. Rht-B1b was mostly present in Ningmai series varieties (lines) to reduce the plant height, and there were lots of favorable alleles on thousand grain weight and pre-harvest sprouting. 48.6% of Ningmai series varieties (lines) had the major resistance gene Fhb1 to FHB, and nearly 30% carried the major resistance gene Pm21 to powdery mildew.
The genetic diversity of Ningmai series varieties (lines) showed a decreasing trend, and it was necessary to strengthen germplasm innovation and broaden genetic background. Ningmai series varieties (lines) carried many favorable genes on thousand grain weight, pre-harvest sprouting and resistance to FHB, and could be used as excellent parents for genetic improvement of wheat varieties. Ningmai series varieties were mainly medium and weak gluten quality type, and the selection of medium-strong gluten and strong gluten varieties needed to be taken into account, as well as the resistance to powdery mildew and rust.
京公网安备11010802044758号