The catenary system is a critical component of the electric traction power supply infrastructure; it is tasked with the stable conveyance of current to electric locomotives. As the catenary lacks a backup system, it experiences an increased incidence of arcing and dust accumulation during operation. This can lead to fluctuations in power quality, particularly when arc edge discharge conditions are met under specific climatic circumstances, which are able susceptible to arc ignition. Such occurrences can severely compromise the structural integrity of the catenary equipment and disrupt the geometric parameters of the system. Firstly, the paper analyzes the nonlinear output characteristics of catenary safety features and edge discharge parameters within the system model. The least squares method is employed to identify the nonlinear model and to optimize error parameters in real-time. Secondly, transient overcurrent parameters and the characteristics of catenary equipment, including edge discharge and arc-induced pollution flashover, are simulated using specialized simulation software. Lastly, by comparing the simulation results with the real-time operational curves of the experimental equipment, the study concludes theoretically that parameter optimization based on the least squares method offers the most effective means of stable and adaptive adjustment for model identification.

The smart grid operation and decision-making system has the characteristics of smart power detection, data cloud storage, and information fusion. The disadvantage is that the difficulty of model estimation is high, significant fluctuations in energy storage and transmission, algorithm update iteration delay, and low accuracy of data fusion technology. First, models and algorithms for smart grids, improve the multiple domain value delay problem of output stability. Second, the nine-point logic control strategy is based on the partition of deviation and deviation variation based on pan Boolean operations, effectively solving the frequency and band amplitude issues of power grid transmission load fluctuations. When the integral variable or input signals change, compared with traditional PID control, it is concluded that, just adjusting according to the nine-point logic control strategy, can obtain ideal control and output results. Finally, establishing a simulation model, the results indicate that its control curve performs well in model matching, satisfactory operation in case of model mismatch, and ensures that the fluctuation amplitude and error accuracy meet the requirements. The control strategy has the characteristics of a fast output response, high stability and robustness, and a small overshoot for changing power grid models.