This paper focuses on studying the reliability allocation for the railway system, aiming to improve the overall reliability of the railway system and ensure safety operation.

In view of the complex structure of the railway system, involving many subsystems, this paper analyzes the close dynamic coupling effect between railway subsystems. Based on this, taking the railway system failure as the top event, a fault tree is constructed in this paper. Then, a reliability allocation method based on the fault tree is employed to allocate the reliability index. Finally, a numerical experiment is implemented to show the performance of the reliability allocation method.

The results showed that each subsystem needs to improve its reliability to meet the specified railway system reliability requirements, and the traction power supply system is the most important subsystem, which is the most efficient in improving the reliability of the railway system.

For the first time, starting from a holistic perspective of the system, reliability allocation is carried out based on the importance of each railway subsystem.

Safety management is a key point and poses a challenge in joint testing. To detect and address potential accidents' hidden dangers early, this paper conducts research on the safety control technology for high-speed railway joint tests by incorporating the concept of hazardous events.

Aiming at ensuring the safety of high-speed railway combined inspections and trials, this paper starts from the dual prevention mechanism. It introduces the concept of threatening events, defines them and analyzes the differences between threatening events and railway accidents. The paper also proposes a cause model for threatening events in high-speed railway combined inspections and trials, based on three types of hazard sources. Furthermore, it conducts research on the control strategies for these threatening events.

The research on safety control technology for high-speed railway combined operation and testing, based on the analysis of threatened events, offers a new perspective for safety management in these operations. It also provides theoretical and practical support for the transition from passive prevention to active risk pre-control, which holds significant theoretical and practical value.

The innovation mainly includes the following three aspects: (1) Building on the traditional dual prevention mechanism, which includes risk hierarchical management and control as well as hidden danger investigation and management, a triple prevention mechanism is proposed. This new mechanism adds the management of threatening events as the third line of defense. The aim is to more comprehensively identify and address potential security risks, thereby enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of security management. (2) In this paper, the definition of a railway threatening event is clarified, and the causative model of a high-speed railway threatening event based on three kinds of danger sources is proposed. (3) This paper puts forward the control strategy of the high-speed railway combined operation and trial, which includes five key links: identification, reporting, analysis, rectification and feedback, which provides a new perspective for the safety management of the high-speed railway combined operation and trial and has important theoretical and application value.