Chemical composition, thermal expansion and chromaticity of common celadon and Mi’se celadon shreds from Housi’ ao kiln site of Shanglin Lake in Tang and Five Dynasties were analyzed by using EDXRF, thermal expansion instrument and spectrophotometer. At the same time, the crucial process parameters of firing Mi’se celadon in Yue kiln were systematically analyzed and the influence of saggar material and firing method on the color of the celadon was further verified, thus preliminarily identifying the crucial factor of color generation. It was also found that there is no obvious difference in the content of Fe₂O₃ between Mi’se celadon and common celadon in Tang and Five Dynasties, indicating that the Fe₂O₃ content is not the main reason that affects the color of the two celadons. The porcelain saggar after refiring with mouth edge glaze to seal the Mi’se celadon belonged to F_TMS, while the rest belonged to F_PTP and F_WPT. The porcelain saggar effectively suppressed the entering of oxygen-rich air to the porcelain saggar during the cooling process and prevented secondary oxidation of the incomplete solidified glaze layer on the surface of the celadons, which is the main reason why the color of the Mi’se celadon is different from that of common celadons.

X-ray microscopy (micro-CT) is a non-destructive high-resolution imaging technique. By using micro-CT scanning and 3D reconstruction technology, 3D visualization and quantitative analysis of the internal bubbles and pores of Jun glaze porcelain in Jin and Yuan dynasties were carried out, resulting in 3D visual distribution images and quantitative data. It is found that size of the bubbles in the glaze layer of Jun glaze in the Jin Yuan period is very different. The bubbles larger than 100 μm are dispersed and mainly distributed in the middle layer of the glaze layer, while the bubbles smaller than 100 μm are distributed in the surface layer. Combined with petrographic and chemical composition analysis, the formation of the feature is related to the high temperature viscosity and firing temperature of the glaze. Micro-CT scanning for 3D reconstruction is a new non-destructive method to analyze the characteristics and processes of the bubbles and pores of ancient ceramics. This study verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of micro-CT in the study of the microstructure of ancient ceramics, providing important information and basis for scientific analysis, identification, protection and restoration of ancient ceramics.