High infrared emissivity materials have significant applications in energy conservation, thermal protection and heat dissipation. Study on high infrared emissivity materials has become a crucial topic. This article was aimed to focus on the performance characteristics of high infrared emissivity materials and provide an overview of their theoretical underpinnings in energy conservation, thermal protection, heat dissipation and daytime passive radiative cooling. The current research status and achievements in achieving high infrared emissivity performance will be discussed. At present, further improvement in performance, durability, economy, and applicability of high infrared emissivity materials is still necessary. Accordingly, in-depth theoretical foundations, fabrication processes, stability, production costs, as well as the coordination of multi-functionality and radiation properties, should be further explored.