Blue and white porcelain unearthed from Dashangqinggong site, Longhushan, Yingtan, was analyzed by using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF), in order to achieve nondestructive analysis of chemical composition of the tire, glaze, blue and white. It is showed that, the average content Al₂O₃ in the blue and white porcelain body is 22.2%, which is significantly higher than that in the porcelain stone materials with binary recipe of kaolin and porcelain stone surrounding Jingdezhen. The blue and white porcelain glaze consists of glaze ash and glaze fruit, with larger variation in composition.

In order to further clarify the chemical and physical composition of the early pottery sherds from the Yongkang Huxi and Miaoshan sites, both of which date to the Early Neolithic period in Yongkang, Zhejiang Province. EDXRF and XRD analyses were conducted, in order to understand the pottery production process at the sites. It is found that the pottery sherds excavated at the two sites have similar elemental compositions, with relatively wide ranges of content in clay (14 wt.%–24 wt.%), silica (66 wt.%–77 wt.%) and iron oxide (4 wt.%–12 wt.%), as well as a high value of potassium oxide (3.2 wt.%), The mean content of CaO and MgO was about 1.6 wt.% and 0.8 wt.%, respectively. From ST1④ to ST1② inHuxisite, the average content of SiO₂ decreased from 70.24 wt.% to 68.06 wt.%, and the average content of Fe₂O₃ increased from 18.24 wt.% to 18.58 wt.%. From TG⑥ and TG⑤ in Miaoshan site, the average content of SiO₂ decreased from 69.15 wt.% to 68.06 wt.%, and the average content of Fe₂O₃ decreased from 6.57 wt.% to 5.67 wt.%. The firing temperature of the ceramic sherds from the Huxi and Miaoshan sites is basically below 700 ℃.

The Chinese Yuan Dynasty blue-and-white porcelains exhibit different ornamentation effects, such as bow string and main patterns. In this study, ten pieces of blue-and-white porcelains in the Jingdezhen Ceramic University Museum were examined using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence to reveal the chemical compositions in their microzones. Four key findings were obtained. Firstly, the Co-based material used in the specimens was imported ore with high Fe and low Mn contents, with certain quantity of Ni and As. Secondly, the bow-string and main patterns had different (Fe+Mn)/Co ratios, with the main patterns having lower ratios, suggesting purer Co characteristics. Thirdly, the differences in the elemental ratios were verified using a historical purification process, whereby the main pattern was speculated to be painted with purified Co-based materials. Finally, the material differences that began to appear during the Yuan Dynasty, which influenced the painting of blue-and-white porcelains in the Ming and Qing dynasties, were investigated. This study provided with a new perspective on the Yuan Dynasty blue-and-white porcelains and the development of decoration systems for Chinese blue-and-white porcelain paintings.