Based on the problems existing in large class teaching, many scholars have proposed different solutions, but there are few comparative empirical studies on interactive and cooperative teaching in large class science courses. By conducting comparative teaching practices in two college physics classes with a large number of students, its effectiveness is tested. The interactive and cooperative teaching class divides students into multiple groups, which is conducive to group discussion and cooperative learning. Interactive and cooperative teaching integrates various classroom interactive links, achieving good teacher-student interaction and student-student interaction. Interactive and cooperative teaching also places great emphasis on process evaluation, making the composition of grades more reasonable. Practice has shown that the classroom performance and exam performance of students in interactive and cooperative teaching classes are significantly better than those in traditional teaching classes. Interactive and cooperative teaching is applicable and effective in large class science courses.