In view of the problems in traditional Newton’s rings experiments, a digital multi-wavelength Newton’s rings experimental device is designed and made, based on a modular design concept. The device consists of a light source module, a microscope module, a support module, and a measurement module. In the light source module, multi-wavelength, high-brightness LEDs that don’t need preheating are used in place of sodium lamps. This solves the problem of the long preheating time required for sodium lamps and enriches experimental content. In the microscope module, a compact digital microscope is used instead of a reading microscope. The digital microscope has a high magnification and offers clear imaging, allowing direct observation and measurement on a computer screen. This avoids eye fatigue from long-term observation through the eyepiece. In the support module, an integrated support is designed. The positions of all components are designed as a whole and then made via 3D printing, enhancing portability and reducing operational difficulty. In the measurement module, a custom scale and software are developed. Calibration and measurement are achieved through a three-point circle-determination method, which identifies the center of the rings. This method addresses the hared problem of determine ring center in traditional instruments, improves measurement accuracy, allows direct radius measurement, and simplifies the measurement process. The self-made device is used to measure the radius of curvature of Newton’s rings and the refractive index of distilled water, with the uncertainty of the results being evaluated. Additionally, simulation experiments are conducted to address issues like the wide wavelength range of LED light sources. The digital multi-wavelength Newton’s rings experimental device has broad applications in universities, colleges, educational institutions, and science popularization exhibitions.

The microstructures and diffraction patterns of three typical kinds of silk stockings under different external forces were studied in order to provide reference for the study of photonic crystal structure color fabric. Based on the experimental results, three kinds of complex structure models are established, the diffraction intensity expressions are deduced theoretically, and the diffraction patterns are simulated by software. The results show that: (1) the mesh structure of core silk socks can be regarded as a complex structure with large and small circular holes arranged periodically, The mesh structure of velvet socks can be regarded as a complex structure with large and small rectangular holes arranged periodically. The mesh structure of crystal silk stockings can be regarded as a complex structure with periodic arrangement of triangular holes and small rectangular holes. (2) When the stockings are evenly stressed, in the case of relatively small force, only the size of the aperture is changed and the shape of the holes and the shape of the diffraction pattern are not much affected. For the crystal silk stockings with loose texture, the larger force has a greater influence on the size and shape of the holes, (3) The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. This study has some reference value for the study of the influence of fabric structure on fabric structural color and fabric self-structure structural color.