Seawater is the most abundant source of molecular hydrogen. Utilizing the hydrogen reserves present in the seawater may inaugurate innovative strategies aimed at advancing sustainable energy and environmental preservation endeavors in the future. Recently, there has been a surge in study in the field addressing the production of hydrogen through the electrochemical seawater splitting. However, the performance and durability of the electrode have limitations due to the fact that there are a few challenges that need to be addressed in order to make the technology suitable for the industrial purpose. The active site blockage caused by chloride ions that are prevalent in seawater and chloride corrosion is the most significant issue; it has a negative impact on both the activity and the durability of the anode component. Addressing this particular issue is of upmost importance in the seawater splitting area. This review concentrates on the newly developed materials and techniques for inhibiting chloride ions by blocking the active sites, simultaneously preventing the chloride corrosion. It is anticipated that the concept will be advantageous for a large audience and will inspire researchers to study on this particular area of concern.

Hydrogen spillover effect has recently garnered a lot of attention in the field of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. A new avenue for understanding the dynamic behavior of atomic migration in which hydrogen atoms moving on a catalyst surface was opened up by the setup of the word “hydrogen spillover.” However, there is currently a dearth of thorough knowledge regarding the hydrogen spillover effect. Currently, the advancement of sophisticated characterization procedures offers progressively useful information to enhance our grasp of the hydrogen spillover effect. The understanding of material fabrication for hydrogen spillover effect has erupted. Considering these factors, we made an effort to review most of the articles published on the hydrogen spillover effect and carefully analyzed the aspect of material fabrication. All of our attention has been directed toward the molecular pathway that leads to improve hydrogen evolution reactions performance. In addition, we have attempted to elucidate the spillover paths through the utilization of DFT calculations. Furthermore, we provide some preliminary research suggestions and highlight the opportunities and obstacles that are still to be confronted in this study area.