To address the lack of a coherent content structure in traditional thermoelectric laboratory teaching and the “black-box” problem associated with commercially available integrated instruments, a modular thermoelectric teaching apparatus based on the Seebeck effect was developed in this study. The system employs a multi-stage series-connected thermopile to enhance weak thermoelectric signals and uses linear regression to achieve high-precision and repeatable measurements of the Seebeck coefficients of different types of thermocouples. The measured results agree well with standard reference values, verifying the reliability and measurement stability of the apparatus. Owing to its open structural design and clear physical principles, the apparatus enables students to conduct a relatively systematic inquiry process involving signal amplification, error analysis, and thermoelectric properties. It also helps students establish effective connections between experimental data and physical modeling. Therefore, this apparatus provides a reconfigurable experimental platform for inquiry-based learning in related courses and promotes the transformation of thermoelectric laboratory teaching from verification-oriented experiments to inquiry-oriented exploration.

The research of holography and holographic interferometry requires accurate control and adjustment of experimental instruments. At the same time, the observation and measurement of experimental phenomena depend on the imaging effect of dry plate. The virtual simulation experiment can solve these problems caused by observation and measurement of experimental phenomena. At the same time, students can experience the operation process accurately and get more ideal experimental results. We design a virtual simulation experiment platform based on unity3D, calculate the transmittance distribution of the dry plate from the monochromatic light interference theory, and then render the experimental effect in real time for students to study holography and holographic interferometry experiments. With the help of virtual simulation platform, the experimental teaching can be more relaxed, so that students can understand the experiment more intuitively, and get a higher success rate and better experimental effect at the same time.