The yield of castor is influenced by the type of inflorescence and the proportion of female flowers. However, there are few studies on the genetic mechanism involved in the development and differentiation of castor inflorescences. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analyses of three different phenotypes of inflorescences at the five-leaf stage. In comparison to the MI (complete pistil without willow leaves), 290 and 89 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the SFI (complete pistil with willow leaves) and the BI (monoecious inflorescence), respectively. Among the DEGs, 104 and 88 were upregulated in the SFI and BI, respectively, compared to the MI. In addition, 186 DEGs and 1 DEG were downregulated in the SFI and BI compared to the MI. Moreover, we conducted GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the DEGs. In comparison to the MI, the SFI and BI exhibited the enrichment of functional branches in DEGs, specifically in pollen wall assembly, pollen development, and cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis. In our study, RADL5 showed low expression levels between SFI-vs.-MI types. In addition, we found that the expression of NAC in the SFI differed from that in MI and BI, and some genes related to hormonal signaling changed their expression levels during inflorescence differentiation. These results reveal the genetic mechanism of sex genotypes in castor, which will not only guide researchers in the breeding of castor but also provide a reference for genetic research on other flowering plants.
- Article type
- Year
- Co-author
Open Access
Article
Issue
The purpose of this article was to study the effect of biological fungus fertilizers on the growth of diploid and tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L., to lay a foundation for the development of the widespread cultivation of tetraploid locust.
In order to provide references for the rational fertilization of Robinia pseudoacacia L., the basic growth indexes, photosynthetic parameters and respiratory parameters of Robinia pseudoacacia L. were measured by applying EM biologic fungus fertilizers on diploid and tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L..
Robinia pseudoacacia L. with fertilizers grew better and stronger than that without fertilizers. Compared with diploid, tetraploid leaves were darker and saturated in color, with higher growth and larger plant width. After fertilization, the plant height, plant width, ground diameter, leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll of the two kinds of Robinia pseudoacacia L. increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the total plant height of the tetraploid and diploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. groups increased by 23.90% and 51.57%, respectively. The total growth of plant width increased by 59.60% and 14.06%, respectively. The total growth of ground diameter increased by 18.84% and 10.20%, respectively. The total leaf length increased by 13.75% and 20.24%, respectively. The total growth of leaf width increased by 11.70% and 72.00%, respectively. The total growth of chlorophyll increased by 24.06% and 45.24%, respectively. The Pn, Gs, Ci and Tr rates in Robinia pseudoacacia L. leaves were significantly higher in the fertilization group than those in the non-fertilization group (P < 0.05), the relevant data of total respiration rate, respiratory rate and alternately cytochrome respirate rate were approximately in the same changing trend, with the extension of time after fertilization, the groups all showed a trend of decline after rising first. After fertilization, the respiration of locust was significantly better than that without fertilization. Tetraploid was significantly better than that of the diploid Robinia pseudoacacia L.. On the whole, the growth state and physiological parameters of the tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. were better than those of the diploid Robinia pseudoacacia L.. After fertilization, the plant height of tetraploid and diploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. increased by 42.60% and 74.56%, respectively, the ground diameter increased by 99.80% and 85.53%, respectively, the leaf growth increased by 65.30% and 75.94%, respectively, and the growth state and physiological parameters of the fertilized Robinia pseudoacacia L. were better than those of the unfertilized Robinia pseudoacacia L..
Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. is superior to diploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. in morphological and physiological indexes after fertilization. Therefore, proper application of biological fungus fertilizers can promote the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia L..
京公网安备11010802044758号