To construct the in-situ emulsification and viscosification system that is suitable for low permeability oil reservoirs characterized by high-temperature and high-salt, the amphiphilic Janus SiO₂ nanoparticles and Tween 60/Imidazoline oleate surfactant system were combined. The mechanism of in-situ emulsification and viscosification system was elucidated from two aspects: The dynamic adsorption and phase conversion of surfactant, and the unique bridge structure of Janus nanoparticle stabilized emulsion. The successful synthesis of Janus SiO₂ nanoparticles with varying degrees of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity was achieved through regulating the reaction conditions. Based on emulsion stability, the optimization of the modification degree of Janus SiO₂ nanoparticles was achieved. The in-situ emulsification and viscosification system was constructed by introducing Tween 60/Imidazoline oleate as dispersion aid agent and emulsifier. Notably, the in-situ emulsification and viscosification system can be stably dispersed for more than 12 hours in high-temperature and high-salt. The dispersion stability of the in-situ emulsification and viscosification system was evaluated qualitatively by visual inspection, Turbiscan stability index and monitoring particle size. The emulsification ability, emulsion stability and rheological properties of the systems with different concentrations were evaluated at 90 ℃ and a salinity of 35,000 ppm. It was found that the in-situ emulsification and viscosification system with the concentration of 0.64 wt% shows better profile control and enhanced recovery performance. This study presents a new approach for profile control using amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles and provides a promising prospect for applying nanoparticles in the field of enhanced oil recovery.