Hazard mitigation plans address hazards such as earthquakes, hurricanes, landslides, tornados, flooding more explicitly than pandemics or other public health crises. This paper analyzes and identifies pandemic-related mitigation strategies in state-level hazard mitigation plans across the United States. This study identifies common and uncommon strategies that could be included in plan updates such as: use of personal protective equipment (PPE), self-isolation/quarantine, hygiene, restricted gatherings, vaccination, vulnerability assessment, economic consequences analysis, acknowledging the need to address pandemics, and referring Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. The 54 state-level plans are compared based on their inclusion of the nine strategies. Findings show that vaccination, self-isolation/ quarantine, and vulnerability assessment are the strategies most listed in plans. Additional concerns made evident by the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, such as contact tracing, environmental impact, and public services, were limited across the plans. It was concluded that long-term mitigation strategies for reducing the risk and speed of spread such as identifying strategic locations for testing, vaccination, and quarantine should be devised and implemented. Pandemics should be included as a distinct class of hazards while formulating state hazard mitigation plans. Strategies for addressing the impact of long working hours on the mental health of healthcare workers should be explored. Economic and psychological impact of unavailability of essential public services, such as transport and groceries, should be investigated and strategies should be formulated in the mitigation plans accordingly.

Organizations are making great efforts to improve their level of safety, but accidents continue to occur, and safety issues are not easily solved within an organization. Therefore, the importance of voluntary safety is increasing, and as a result, interest in safety culture has recently increased. However, the concept of safety culture is ambiguous and the implementation of safety culture is not improving in the correct manner. This work proposes a unique framework for voluntary safety practice within an organization. This framework consists of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Safety (MBCS) and spiritual safety leadership. From the perspective of safety within the concept of safety culture, safety has been considered a sub-facet of organizational culture. However, from a new perspective suggested by this study, safety is regarded as another important value separated from organizational culture, in which members should make intentional efforts based on safety awareness. MBCS maintains such safety awareness through self-safety cognition, while spiritual safety leadership is a fundamental foundation and fuel for self-safety cognition. Based on this, industries can pursue ideal safety and increase the integrity of the organization. This work provides effective guidance to improve safety management and emergency management related to industrial accidents.

Hydrogen has been recently utilized in many fields due to its recyclability and non-pollution characteristics. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen refueling stations have become the main carrier of hydrogen energy application. However, due to the inflammable and explosive characteristics, the safety problems of hydrogen became indispensable. This paper introduces the safety problems and countermeasures of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen refueling stations. The research progress and achievements of hydrogen energy standards are then comprehensively discussed. Finally, the development status, existing problems and future development direction of five kinds of optical fiber sensors are pointed out.