It is of great significance to promote the development of carbon materials by studying the factors (composition of raw materials and preparation process) affecting the structure of mesophase asphalt as an important precursor for the preparation of high-performance carbon materials. Here, two fluid catalytic cracking slurries from Xinjiang were characterized by Gel Permeable Chromatography (GPC), ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H-NMR), elemental analysis and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to clarify their composition and structural characteristics. In response to the high saturated fraction characteristic of oil slurry (>47%), a two-step method of optimizing the composition of raw materials by pyrolysis followed by thermal poly condensation was used to produce a wide-area mesophase asphalt with a softening point of 290 ℃ instead of the traditional solvent refining strategy.