According to the existing researches on bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs), their mechanism in adipose tissue insulin resistance was discussed. Relevant BMP signaling pathways in white adipose tissue(WAT) and brown adipose tissue(BAT) were reviewed, and BMPs improved the insulin sensitivity by the regulation of adipocyte fate and function through peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ(PPARγ) activation. In WAT, BMPs can promote adipocyte differentiation, reduce inflammation, enhance insulin signaling and glucose transport; In BAT, brown adipocytes can be increased and their activity can be enhanced to promote thermogenesis. This review summarized and discussed the role of BMPs in adipose tissue insulin resistance in recent years to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance.