Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) has been widely employed in microelectronic devices, photoelectric detections, and lubricants. However, the poor oxidation resistance and interfacial bonding ability restrict its high-performance applications. In this work, a largely unexplored strategy by direct gas fluorination reaction is applied to rapidly fabricate high-quality fluorinated MoS₂ (FMoS₂). It has been demonstrated that the controllable fluorination is guided to solely eliminate unstable oxygen groups at the edge of MoS₂ nanosheet rather than damage intact plane structure, which thus maintains pristine crystal structure and specifically introduces stable fluorine-containing groups at the edge, significantly strengthening the oxidation resistance ability. Meanwhile, the introduced fluorine with strongest electronegativity and fluorination-induced more S-vacancies can produce strong interactions with metal atoms, thereby synergistically strengthening interfacial bonding with metal substrate. As a typical application verification, FMoS₂ exhibits obviously enhanced lubricating performances than that of pristine MoS₂ because of enhanced oxidation resistance and interfacial bonding ability, accompanied by 50.2% and 74% decrease in friction coefficient and wear rate, respectively. This work offers a direct, rapid and controllable fluorination strategy to solve the long-standing challenges in significant MoS₂ application fields, which also presents the universal potential to optimize other important two-dimensional (2D) materials toward high-performance applications at harsh environments.

Heterocyclic aramid refers to a type of para-aramid containing aromatic heterocycles（usually benzimidazole units） in the main chain, which has excellent properties of lightweight, high strength and modulus, high thermal resistance and good solvent resistance. Compared to the typical aramid fiber Ⅱ, heterocyclic aramid exhibits superior mechanical properties and has been practically applied in the fields such as aerospace and bulletproof protection in China. However, similar to other organic fibers, the composite performance of heterocyclic aramids with resins is relatively low due to their inert surface, which limits their application in the field of advanced composite materials. This article from two aspects of surface modification and structural design, the design ideas, technical means and research results to enhance the composite performance of heterocyclic aramids in recent years are summarized, and the development trend of its application in the field of advanced composite materials is forecast, so as to provide assistance and reference for the interface design and improvement of interfacial adhesion of organic fibers.