Achieving efficient drag reduction and antifouling on high-speed moving surfaces in viscous fluids remains a significant technological challenge. Over millions of years of evolution, natural organisms have developed unique surface microstructures that effectively minimize surface frictional resistance (SFR) and mitigate biofouling in complex environments. Therefore, investigating the intrinsic relationship between the unique surface structures of organisms and drag reduction/antifouling functions can provide innovative inspirations for the design of high-speed surfaces with minimized SFR and biofouling. Compared with air environment, the marine environment is more complicated and considered more representative. Fish, as a typical representative of marine organisms, have excellent fluid dynamics and antifouling capacities. Therefore, the shark—an apex marine predator—was selected as a biological prototype. Beginning with the structural characteristics of sharkskin denticles, the review offers a detailed discussion of fabrication techniques for manufacturing biomimetic denticle-inspired surfaces, Sharklet AF^TM and biomimetic Sharklet patterns. Furthermore, the effects and mechanisms responsible for drag reduction and antifouling in these bioinspired surfaces are systematically examined. Finally, applications of biomimetic non-smooth surfaces in aerospace, biomedicine, and other domains are briefly discussed. The current state of research and future directions in technologies for biomimetic non-smooth surfaces are outlined, highlighting the lack of comprehensive reviews in underexplored fields such as aviation. This study aims to serve as a valuable reference for the design and development of multifunctional biomimetic surfaces.

Soft tissue sticking to electrosurgical electrodes in minimally invasive surgery can cause tissue trauma, laceration, and bleeding and can easily lead to medical accidents. The multilevel structure on the peristome surface of Nepenthes alata creates a stable liquid film and long-term slippery phenomena, providing excellent antisticking performance. However, transferring the multilevel structure to metallic substrates is a critical challenge. Herein, a facile method using a bionic replication process combined with an electroforming process was reported to successfully prepare a realistic metallic-peristome surface (MPS) from the peristome surface of Nepenthes alata to a copper-based substrate. The long-term lubrication theory of MPS was analyzed, which demonstrated the high wettability and robustness of the surface. The unidirectional transport behavior and long-term lubrication performance of dimethyl silicone oil on the MPS under the action of a thermal field gradient were analyzed. The results show that the as-prepared metallic-peristome surface has liquid transport capability in the opposite direction of the thermal field gradient. In addition, the introduction of microstructures on the surface of the MPS electrode can promote the occurrence of spark effects and improve the cutting effect. An electrocution test of isolated pig liver tissue was conducted to test the tissue antisticking properties, thermal damage, and antibacterial effects of self-lubricating slippery surface bionic electrosurgery. MPS exhibits excellent antistick properties, low thermal damage, and significant antibacterial properties, laying the foundation for its application in other fields.