In order to further enhance the safety and efficiency of airspace operations in the future aviation transport system, the requirements for the avionics systems of large passenger aircraft in terms of system integrated control, information sharing among relevant parties, air-ground coordinated decision-making and management, required navigation surveillance performance, and trajectory-based operation are summarized, taking into account the technological development of modern integrated avionics systems. The advanced avionics system architecture, key functional features and safety design process are outlined. In the context of the development and integration of domestically produced integrated avionics systems for large passenger aircraft, the current status, development trends, and key technologies in areas such as avionics systems integration, cockpit displays and controls, integrated modular avionics, flight management, radio navigation, integrated surveillance, onboard data links, atmospheric inertial navigation, and onboard information are analyzed. Furthermore, the prominent technological features, research hotspots, priorities, and application requirements for the next generation avionics systems of large passenger aircraft are discussed.